Which cranial nerves are involved in eye movements? Select all that apply.

Trochlear

Optic

Oculomotor

Abducens

Facial

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A) Trochlear: The trochlear nerve (CN IV) is responsible for innervating the superior oblique muscle, which helps control the downward and inward movement of the eye.
B) Optic: The optic nerve (CN II) is primarily involved in vision and visual acuity, not in the movement of the eye. It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
C) Oculomotor: The oculomotor nerve (CN III) controls most of the extraocular muscles, including those responsible for eye movement (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique) and also controls pupil constriction.
D) Abducens: The abducens nerve (CN VI) controls the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for the outward movement of the eye.
E) Facial: The facial nerve (CN VII) controls the muscles of facial expression and is not involved in eye movements.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Instruct the patient on Tripod positioning: Tripod positioning, where the patient leans forward with hands on their knees or a table, is beneficial for COPD patients. It helps improve ventilation by allowing the diaphragm to work more efficiently and aiding in the expansion of the lungs. This position also utilizes accessory muscles, which can help ease breathing and reduce the work of respiration.
B) Restrict the client's fluid intake to less than 2 L/day: Restricting fluid intake is generally not advisable for COPD patients unless there is a specific condition such as severe heart failure where fluid restriction is necessary. Adequate fluid intake helps to thin mucus, making it easier to expectorate and thus supports better lung function and overall respiratory health.
C) Provide the client with a low-protein diet: COPD patients typically require a higher-protein diet to maintain muscle mass and strength, which are crucial for overall health and respiratory function. A low-protein diet can lead to muscle wasting, including the respiratory muscles, which can worsen respiratory symptoms and functional status.
D) Have the client use the early-morning hours for exercise and activity: While regular exercise is important, the timing should be based on the client's individual preferences and tolerance. For some patients, early morning might not be the best time due to morning symptoms or fatigue. The exercise plan should be customized to fit the patient’s daily routine and energy levels.

A. Neither talk nor comprehend B. Talk but do not comprehend C. No alteration in speech and language D. Comprehend but not able to talk

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Neither talk nor comprehend: This description does not accurately characterize receptive aphasia. Receptive aphasia, also known as Wernicke's aphasia, primarily affects comprehension, while speech production may remain intact. Patients with this condition may speak fluently but have difficulty understanding spoken or written language.
B) Talk but do not comprehend: Receptive aphasia is characterized by the ability to produce speech fluently but with impaired comprehension. Patients can talk and may produce coherent-sounding speech, but they struggle to understand others' speech and may not grasp the meaning of what they are saying.
C) No alteration in speech and language: Receptive aphasia involves specific alterations in speech and language, particularly in comprehension. While speech may be fluent, the content often lacks meaning or coherence, and comprehension is significantly impaired.
D) Comprehend but not able to talk: This description aligns more with expressive aphasia (Broca's aphasia), where patients have difficulty producing speech but generally retain comprehension abilities. Receptive aphasia affects comprehension while allowing relatively intact speech production.

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Which cranial nerves are involved in eye movements? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has COPD. The nurse should include which of the following interventions in the plan?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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