Which cranial nerves are involved in eye movements? Select all that apply.

Trochlear

Optic

Oculomotor

Abducens

Facial

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A) Trochlear: The trochlear nerve (CN IV) is responsible for innervating the superior oblique muscle, which helps control the downward and inward movement of the eye.
B) Optic: The optic nerve (CN II) is primarily involved in vision and visual acuity, not in the movement of the eye. It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
C) Oculomotor: The oculomotor nerve (CN III) controls most of the extraocular muscles, including those responsible for eye movement (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique) and also controls pupil constriction.
D) Abducens: The abducens nerve (CN VI) controls the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for the outward movement of the eye.
E) Facial: The facial nerve (CN VII) controls the muscles of facial expression and is not involved in eye movements.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) This is an abnormal breath sound due to bronchial airways being narrowed, bronchoconstriction: Wheezing is an abnormal breath sound characterized by a high-pitched whistling noise produced during breathing. It occurs when the bronchial airways are narrowed due to bronchoconstriction, inflammation, or mucus, common in conditions like asthma. This narrowing of the airways creates turbulent airflow, leading to the wheezing sound.

B) This is a normal breath sound due to normal gas exchange: Wheezing is not a normal breath sound and is indicative of an obstruction or narrowing in the airways. Normal breath sounds, such as vesicular breath sounds, are smooth and do not include wheezing.

C) This is an abnormal breath sound due to bronchial airways being dilated, bronchodilation: Wheezing results from airway narrowing, not dilation. Bronchodilation, which is the widening of the airways, would typically reduce or resolve wheezing rather than cause it.

D) This is a normal breath sound due to the alveoli being fluid-filled: Wheezing is related to airway narrowing rather than fluid in the alveoli. Fluid in the alveoli would more commonly cause crackles or rales, not wheezing.

A. Bell's palsy B. Myxedema C. Cushing's syndrome D. Scleroderma

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Bell's palsy: Bell's palsy is characterized by sudden, unilateral facial weakness or paralysis. It does not cause the specific physical signs described in the question, such as a "moon" face, buffalo hump, or velvety discoloration around the neck.

B. Myxedema: Myxedema is associated with severe hypothyroidism and can lead to symptoms such as facial swelling and changes in skin texture, but it does not typically cause a round face, buffalo hump, or velvety neck discoloration. The velvety discoloration around the neck is more characteristic of insulin resistance rather than hypothyroidism.

C. Cushing's syndrome: Cushing's syndrome is caused by excess cortisol and is known for the characteristic signs described. A "moon" face, buffalo hump, and skin changes such as velvety discoloration (often termed "acanthosis nigricans") are hallmark features of this condition. These symptoms align with the body’s response to prolonged high levels of cortisol.

D. Scleroderma: Scleroderma involves skin thickening and tightening, primarily affecting the hands and face, but it does not typically cause a "moon" face, buffalo hump, or velvety neck discoloration. The changes in scleroderma are more related to skin fibrosis and less to the specific physical features listed.

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Which cranial nerves are involved in eye movements? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nursing student asked the respiratory floor nurse why the adventitious wheezing breath sounds are present in asthmatic patients. The nurse should respond:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

When assessing an adult client experiencing diarrhea, the nurse notes a round "moon" face, a buffalo hump at the nape of the neck, and a velvety discoloration around the neck. What is the possible cause of these signs?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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