Which elevated value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis
Very low density lipoproteins VLDL
Low density lipoprotein LDL
High density lipoprotein HDL
Triglycerides TGs
The Correct Answer is C
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fatty deposits (plaques) build up in the walls of arteries, leading to narrowing and reduced blood flow. Elevated levels of certain lipids, including low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, are well-established risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. 
In contrast, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been shown to have a protective effect against atherosclerosis. HDL is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because it helps to transport excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues (including the walls of arteries) back to the liver for processing and excretion. HDL also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.
In general, higher levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. However, the protective effect of HDL may vary depending on other factors such as smoking, obesity, and diabetes. It is important to maintain a healthy balance of lipids in the bloodstream, including a high level of HDL and low levels of LDL and triglycerides, in order to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are a class of medications that block the influx of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle cells, leading to relaxation of these muscles and dilation of blood vessels.
In the heart, CCBs primarily affect the L-type calcium channels in the cardiac myocytes, which are responsible for the influx of calcium ions during the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential. By blocking these channels, CCBs decrease the amount of calcium that enters the cardiac myocytes, which in turn reduces the strength of cardiac contractions (i.e. contractility). 
This reduction in contractility can be beneficial in certain conditions where the heart is working too hard or experiencing insufficient blood flow, such as in hypertension, angina, or some forms of arrhythmia. By reducing the workload of the heart, CCBs can help to lower blood pressure, decrease oxygen demand, and improve blood flow to the heart.
While CCBs can also have effects on the rate and rhythm of cardiac contractions, these effects are generally less pronounced than the reduction in contractility. Some CCBs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, can slow the heart rate by blocking the L-type calcium channels in the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes, while others, such as nifedipine, have little effect on heart rate.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Varicose veins occur when the valves within the veins, which normally prevent the backflow of blood, become damaged or weakened, allowing blood to pool and the veins to become enlarged and twisted. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including age, pregnancy, obesity, genetics, and prolonged periods of standing or sitting. An increase in hydrostatic pressure can contribute to the development of varicose veins, but it is not the primary cause.
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