A patient is prescribed mannitol for increased intracranial pressure. What should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply)

(A) Lethargy: More common in hypercalcemia.

(B) Hypertension: Hypocalcemia is more likely to cause hypotension due to reduced contractility.

(C) Bone Pain: More common in hypercalcemia due to bone resorption.

(D) Positive Chvostek’s Sign: Facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.

(E) Constipation: Hypocalcemia is associated with diarrhea, not constipation.

Cushing’s Syndrome → Dexamethasone Suppression Test

• Cushing’s Syndrome results from excess cortisol. The dexamethasone suppression test evaluates whether cortisol production is appropriately suppressed by exogenous steroids.

Addison’s Disease → ACTH Stimulation Test

• Addison’s Disease involves adrenal insufficiency. The ACTH stimulation test checks if the adrenal glands can produce cortisol when stimulated.

Graves’ Disease → TSH Receptor Antibody Test

• Graves’ Disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroid condition where autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid. The TSH receptor antibody test detects these autoantibodies.

Diabetes Insipidus → Water Deprivation Test

• Diabetes Insipidus causes excessive urination due to ADH deficiency or resistance. The water deprivation test assesses the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine in response to dehydration.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis → Antithyroid Antibody Test

• Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is an autoimmune hypothyroid disorder characterized by elevated antithyroid antibodies.