Which is a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus?

Excessive thirst

Low urine output

Weight gain

Excessive activities

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Excessive thirst, or polydipsia, is a hallmark of diabetes insipidus. ADH deficiency leads to excessive water loss through dilute urine, causing dehydration. This triggers the thirst mechanism to compensate for fluid loss, prompting increased water intake to maintain hydration, a key clinical feature of this condition.

Choice B reason: Low urine output, or oliguria, is not associated with diabetes insipidus. This condition causes polyuria due to impaired water reabsorption from ADH deficiency, leading to large volumes of dilute urine. Low urine output is more typical of conditions like acute kidney injury or SIADH.

Choice C reason: Weight gain is not a feature of diabetes insipidus. The condition leads to water loss and dehydration, often causing weight loss due to reduced fluid volume. Weight gain might occur in conditions like SIADH, where water retention dilutes sodium and increases body fluid content.

Choice D reason: Excessive activities are not a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus. This condition primarily affects fluid balance, causing polyuria and polydipsia. Increased activity levels are not linked to ADH deficiency, and patients may experience fatigue due to dehydration, not heightened physical activity.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) does not determine the cause of TIAs but treats them by removing plaques. Diagnostic tests like carotid ultrasound identify atherosclerosis as the cause. CEA addresses the known obstruction, preventing further ischemic events, not investigating their etiology.

Choice B reason: CEA removes atherosclerotic plaques from the carotid artery, restoring blood flow to the brain. TIAs often result from plaque-induced stenosis, causing transient ischemia. By clearing the blockage, CEA prevents recurrent TIAs and strokes, directly addressing the underlying cause of cerebral hypoperfusion.

Choice C reason: Preventing seizure activity is not the purpose of CEA. Seizures are not common after TIAs, which are transient ischemic events without permanent damage. CEA targets vascular stenosis to prevent ischemia, not neurological complications like seizures, which are unrelated to its mechanism.

Choice D reason: Decreasing cerebral edema is not a goal of CEA. Edema is more associated with hemorrhagic stroke or severe ischemia, not TIAs. CEA restores blood flow by removing plaques, preventing ischemic events, not addressing brain swelling, which requires different interventions like mannitol.

A. Confusion and diarrhea B. Hypertension and weight gain without edema C. Pulmonary congestion and muscle cramps D. Dyspnea and hypertension

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Confusion may occur in SIADH due to hyponatremia-induced cerebral edema, but diarrhea is not a typical sign of fluid overload. Diarrhea causes fluid loss, which is opposite to the water retention seen in SIADH, making this combination less indicative of fluid overload compared to cardiovascular or respiratory signs.

Choice B reason: Hypertension may occur in SIADH due to fluid overload, but weight gain without edema is less specific. SIADH often causes subtle fluid retention without overt edema, but weight gain alone does not fully indicate fluid overload, as it lacks the respiratory or cardiovascular specificity of dyspnea and hypertension.

Choice C reason: Pulmonary congestion may indicate fluid overload in SIADH, as excess water can lead to pulmonary edema. However, muscle cramps are more related to hyponatremia than fluid overload itself. This combination is less precise than dyspnea and hypertension for identifying fluid overload in this context.

Choice D reason: Dyspnea and hypertension are key indicators of fluid overload in SIADH. Excessive ADH causes water retention, increasing blood volume, which raises blood pressure. Fluid accumulation in the lungs can cause dyspnea, reflecting pulmonary edema, a serious complication of fluid overload in SIADH, making this the most accurate finding.

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Which is a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client diagnosed with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The nurse explains that this procedure will be done for what purpose?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which finding would indicate that the client has developed fluid overload?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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