Which is a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus?

Excessive thirst

Low urine output

Weight gain

Excessive activities

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Excessive thirst, or polydipsia, is a hallmark of diabetes insipidus. ADH deficiency leads to excessive water loss through dilute urine, causing dehydration. This triggers the thirst mechanism to compensate for fluid loss, prompting increased water intake to maintain hydration, a key clinical feature of this condition.

Choice B reason: Low urine output, or oliguria, is not associated with diabetes insipidus. This condition causes polyuria due to impaired water reabsorption from ADH deficiency, leading to large volumes of dilute urine. Low urine output is more typical of conditions like acute kidney injury or SIADH.

Choice C reason: Weight gain is not a feature of diabetes insipidus. The condition leads to water loss and dehydration, often causing weight loss due to reduced fluid volume. Weight gain might occur in conditions like SIADH, where water retention dilutes sodium and increases body fluid content.

Choice D reason: Excessive activities are not a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus. This condition primarily affects fluid balance, causing polyuria and polydipsia. Increased activity levels are not linked to ADH deficiency, and patients may experience fatigue due to dehydration, not heightened physical activity.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Antihypertensive treatment is not the priority for epidural hematoma, which causes rapid neurological deterioration from arterial bleeding and increased ICP. While hypertension may occur, surgical evacuation via burr holes is urgent to relieve pressure and prevent brain herniation, taking precedence over blood pressure management.

Choice B reason: Anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated in epidural hematoma, as it worsens bleeding. Epidural hematomas involve arterial hemorrhage, often from trauma, and anticoagulation would increase hematoma size, exacerbating ICP and neurological damage, making this an inappropriate and harmful intervention.

Choice C reason: Inserting an intracranial monitoring device may assess ICP but is not the priority in epidural hematoma. Rapid surgical intervention (burr holes) is needed to evacuate the hematoma and relieve life-threatening pressure, as monitoring delays critical treatment in this rapidly progressing condition.

Choice D reason: Burr holes are the priority intervention for epidural hematoma, a surgical emergency caused by arterial bleeding, often from skull trauma. Rapid evacuation of the hematoma relieves increased ICP, preventing brain herniation and death, making this the most urgent and effective treatment to stabilize the client.

A. Platelet count, blood glucose levels, and white blood cell (WBC) count B. Thrombin time, calcium levels, and potassium levels C. Platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time D. Fibrinogen level, WBC, and platelet count

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Platelet count and WBC count are relevant, but blood glucose levels are not specific to DIC. DIC involves widespread clotting and bleeding, depleting platelets and coagulation factors, affecting clotting times. Glucose levels are unrelated to the coagulopathy central to DIC’s pathophysiology, making this set less comprehensive.

Choice B reason: Thrombin time is relevant to DIC, but calcium and potassium levels are not primary indicators. Calcium may affect clotting in specific contexts, but DIC primarily involves consumption of platelets and clotting factors, prolonging prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, making these more critical parameters.

Choice C reason: Platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) are key in DIC monitoring. DIC causes widespread microthrombi, consuming platelets and clotting factors, leading to low platelets and prolonged PT/PTT. These parameters directly reflect the coagulopathy and bleeding risk, making them essential for diagnosis and management.

Choice D reason: Fibrinogen level and platelet count are important in DIC, as both are consumed in widespread clotting. However, WBC count is less specific, as it reflects infection or inflammation, not coagulopathy. PT and PTT better capture the clotting factor depletion central to DIC’s pathophysiology.

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Which is a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is brought to the ED by family after falling off the roof. The care team suspects an epidural hematoma, prompting the nurse to anticipate which priority intervention?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a client who is a strict vegetarian. What type of anemia is the nurse aware that this client is at risk for?

Which is a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus?

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A client suffers a head injury. The nurse implements an assessment plan to monitor for potential subdural hematoma development. Which manifestation does the nurse anticipate seeing first?

A nurse is caring for a client with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which finding would indicate that the client has developed fluid overload?

A nurse is assessing a client with Cushing's syndrome. Which observation should the nurse report to the health care provider immediately?

The health care provider has ordered a fluid deprivation test for a client suspected of having diabetes insipidus. During the test, the nurse should prioritize what assessments?