Which laboratory results should the nurse closely monitor in a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

Blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature.

Leukocytes, neutrophils, and thyroxine.

Serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus.

Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. While monitoring blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature is important for overall health assessment, they are not specifically indicative of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
B. Leukocytes, neutrophils, and thyroxine are not directly related to renal function or the complications of ESRD.
C. Clients with ESRD are at risk for electrolyte imbalances, including hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia, so monitoring serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus levels is crucial.
D. Monitoring erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels is important for assessing
anemia, which is common in ESRD, but it's not the most critical parameter to monitor compared to electrolyte imbalances.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Flaky, peeling skin (desquamation) occurs in later stages of scarlet fever, typically after the rash begins to fade. It is not an early sign of the disease.
B. A red, sandpaper-like rash that typically begins on the chest and spreads outward is one of the earliest indications of scarlet fever. This rash is caused by exotoxins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes and is a hallmark sign of the illness.
C. A white coating on the tongue, often followed by a characteristic “strawberry tongue,” develops later in the progression of scarlet fever rather than as an early symptom.
D. While fever is a common symptom of streptococcal infections, it is not the earliest indicator of scarlet fever. The rash usually appears within 12 to 48 hours of fever onset, making it a more specific early sign.

A. Encourage rest until the analgesic becomes effective. B. Raise head of bed until to a 90 degree angle. C. Place bed in a reverse Trendelenburg position. D. Position bedside table so the client can lean across it.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale for A: Encouraging rest might seem beneficial, but it does not address the immediate comfort need of the patient who is experiencing severe epigastric pain. Resting in a supine position may actually exacerbate the pain associated with pancreatitis.
Rationale for B: Raising the head of the bed to a 90-degree angle could potentially increase intra-abdominal pressure, which may worsen the pain for a patient with pancreatitis.
Rationale for C: The reverse Trendelenburg position is not typically indicated for pain relief in pancreatitis. This position might be used to promote gastric emptying or to alleviate respiratory distress, but not specifically for pancreatitis pain.
Rationale for D: Leaning forward can help decrease the pain in pancreatitis by reducing the tension on the peritoneal surfaces. Positioning a bedside table for the client to lean across can provide the necessary support for this position, which aligns with the recommendations for pain relief in pancreatitis.

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Which laboratory results should the nurse closely monitor in a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A preschool-aged child who is being treated for Streptococcal pharyngitis returns to the clinic for signs of scarlet fever. Which assessment finding provides the earliest indication to the nurse that the child is experiencing a reaction to the toxins that are created by the Streptococcus bacteria?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with pancreatitis complains of severe epigastric pain, so the nurse administers a prescribed narcotic analgesic. Ten minutes later, the client insists on sitting up and leaning forward. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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