Which medications would be most appropriate to administer to a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack? Select all that apply.

Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA)

Albuterol (Proventil HFA)

Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus)

Montelukast (Singulair)

Inhaled hypertonic saline

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,E

A. Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA) is an anticholinergic medication that can be used in combination with short-acting beta-agonists like albuterol to help relieve bronchospasm during an acute asthma attack.

B. Albuterol (Proventil HFA) is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that is commonly used as a first-line treatment during an acute asthma attack to rapidly relieve bronchoconstriction and improve airflow.

C. Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus) is a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) used for long-term asthma control, not for acute exacerbations. LABAs are not effective in quickly relieving symptoms during an acute attack.

D. Montelukast (Singulair) is a leukotriene modifier used for long-term asthma management and prevention. It is not effective in treating acute asthma attacks.

E. Inhaled hypertonic saline can help in acute asthma attacks by increasing mucus clearance and improving respiratory function, especially in patients with severe symptoms.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Pulmonary embolism typically presents with symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and hypoxia, not localized edema in the calf.

B. Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is associated with symptoms like respiratory distress, confusion, petechial rash, and hypoxemia, but not specifically with increasing edema in the calf.

C. Acute compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a muscle compartment leads to decreased blood flow, causing swelling, pain, and possible tissue damage. This is a medical emergency, and the increasing edema in the calf is a common sign of this condition.

D. Malignant hypothermia is a rare reaction to certain anesthetic agents, leading to symptoms like muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, and tachycardia. It does not cause localized edema in the calf.

A. Decreased PaO2 <60mmHg. B. PaO2 greater than 80mmHg. C. Decreased platelet count and hematocrit levels. D. Changes in ST segment and T-wave. E. PaCO2 40mmHg.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Decreased PaO2 <60mmHg: A hallmark of fat embolism syndrome (FES) is hypoxemia, which results in a PaO2 less than 60 mmHg. This is a key indicator of the severity of respiratory compromise in FES and ARDS.

B. PaO2 greater than 80mmHg: This would not be consistent with FES. Fat embolism often causes significant hypoxemia, and PaO2 greater than 80 mmHg would indicate adequate oxygenation.

C. Decreased platelet count and hematocrit levels: In fat embolism syndrome, there is often a decrease in platelet count and hematocrit due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which can occur as a complication of fat embolism.

D. Changes in ST segment and T-wave: Electrocardiographic changes, including changes in ST segment and T-wave, are commonly seen in fat embolism syndrome due to myocardial injury, hypoxemia, or shock.

E. PaCO2 40mmHg: A PaCO2 of 40 mmHg is within normal limits and does not indicate any significant respiratory distress or abnormality that would be expected in fat embolism syndrome.

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Which medications would be most appropriate to administer to a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse notes increasing edema in the calf of a client who has multiple fractures of the leg. The nurse should recognize that increasing edema is a manifestation of which of the following complications?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client who has a chest tube connected to suction and a water seal drainage system. Which of the following indicates to the nurse that the chest tube is functioning properly?

A nurse is caring for a client who has just developed a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering?

The nurse teaches a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about pursed-lip breathing (PLB). Which action by the patient would indicate to the nurse that no further teaching is needed?

A nurse is auscultating the breath sounds of a client who has asthma. When the client exhales, the nurse hears continuous high-pitched squeaking sounds. The nurse should document this as which of the following adventitious breath sounds?

The nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a history of asthma. The nurse reviews the provider's orders and recognizes that clarification is needed for which of the following medications?

A nurse is teaching an older adult client who has an intracapsular fracture of the right hip following a fall about the purpose of Buck's extension traction. The nurse should include which of the following information in the teaching?

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A nurse is caring for a child who has a fracture of the forearm. The parent tells the nurse that the provider said it was a greenstick fracture and asks what that means. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?