Which of the following are causes of intrarenal acute kidney injury? (Select all that apply.)

Hemoglobin from hemolyzed RBCs

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Prostate cancer

Myoglobin release from necrotic muscle cells

Nephrotoxins

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A rationale
Hemoglobin released from hemolyzed red blood cells (RBCs) can cause intrarenal acute kidney injury by obstructing the renal tubules and damaging the nephrons.

Choice B rationale
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a cause of postrenal, not intrarenal, acute kidney injury as it can obstruct the flow of urine out of the bladder.

Choice C rationale
Prostate cancer, similar to benign prostatic hyperplasia, typically leads to postrenal acute kidney injury due to urinary obstruction.

Choice D rationale
Myoglobin released from necrotic muscle cells, as seen in conditions like rhabdomyolysis, can cause intrarenal acute kidney injury by precipitating in the renal tubules.

Choice E rationale
Nephrotoxins, such as certain medications, chemicals, or toxins, can directly damage the kidney tissue, leading to intrarenal acute kidney injury.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: An increasing hemoglobin level does not indicate the resolution of acute pancreatitis. Hemoglobin levels can fluctuate due to various factors, including hydration status and blood loss, but are not directly related to the resolution of pancreatitis.

Choice B reason:A decreasing serum amylase level is indicative of the resolution of acute pancreatitis. Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates and is released in large amounts when the pancreas is inflamed. As the inflammation resolves, amylase levels decrease.

Choice C reason: A falling serum bilirubin level may indicate improvement in liver function but is not a specific indicator of the resolution of acute pancreatitis. Bilirubin levels can be affected by conditions other than pancreatitis, such as bile duct obstruction or liver disease.

Choice D reason:An increasing serum alkaline phosphatase level is generally associated with bile duct obstruction or bone disease and does not indicate the resolution of acute pancreatitis. This enzyme is found in several tissues throughout the body, including the liver and bones.

A. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor. B. Insert a urinary retention catheter. C. Give the prescribed spironolactone. D. Administer epoetin alfa (Epogen).

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
In the case of hyperkalemia, which can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias, the most immediate nursing action is to place the patient on a cardiac monitor. This allows for continuous monitoring of the heart's rhythm and immediate detection of any life-threatening changes, which is crucial for timely intervention.

Choice B rationale
Inserting a urinary retention catheter may be necessary for managing oliguria, but it is not the most urgent action when compared to the potential cardiac risks associated with hyperkalemia.

Choice C rationale
Administering spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, could be part of the treatment for hyperkalemia, but it is not the first action to take. Spironolactone works more slowly and does not address the immediate risk of cardiac arrhythmias.

Choice D rationale
Epoetin alfa (Epogen) is used to treat anemia, particularly in chronic kidney disease, to increase red blood cell production. However, it does not have an immediate effect and is not the priority in the presence of hyperkalemia and potential cardiac complications.

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Which of the following are causes of intrarenal acute kidney injury? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which laboratory finding indicates the resolution of a patient's acute pancreatitis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient admitted with acute kidney injury due to dehydration has oliguria, anemia, and hyperkalemia. Which prescribed action should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is admitting a client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to be present during the assessment? (Select all that apply.)

How will the nurse assess for flank tenderness in a patient with suspected pyelonephritis?

In an effort to decrease the rate of urinary tract infections, which of the following should the nurse manager teach the nursing staff? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a client following a hemodialysis treatment. The nurse should expect to find a decrease in which of the following laboratory values?

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has stable angina and a new prescription for transdermal nitroglycerin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is giving a presentation about preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following should the nurse include as risk factors for this disorder? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is providing teaching on common symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What assessment findings are consistent with this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)