Which of the following are causes of intrarenal acute kidney injury? (Select all that apply.)

Hemoglobin from hemolyzed RBCs

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Prostate cancer

Myoglobin release from necrotic muscle cells

Nephrotoxins

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A rationale
Hemoglobin released from hemolyzed red blood cells (RBCs) can cause intrarenal acute kidney injury by obstructing the renal tubules and damaging the nephrons.

Choice B rationale
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a cause of postrenal, not intrarenal, acute kidney injury as it can obstruct the flow of urine out of the bladder.

Choice C rationale
Prostate cancer, similar to benign prostatic hyperplasia, typically leads to postrenal acute kidney injury due to urinary obstruction.

Choice D rationale
Myoglobin released from necrotic muscle cells, as seen in conditions like rhabdomyolysis, can cause intrarenal acute kidney injury by precipitating in the renal tubules.

Choice E rationale
Nephrotoxins, such as certain medications, chemicals, or toxins, can directly damage the kidney tissue, leading to intrarenal acute kidney injury.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Monitoring fluid and electrolytes is essential in managing ascites to prevent complications such as fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances, which can exacerbate the condition.

Choice B rationale
Providing a high-sodium diet is not recommended for patients with ascites. Sodium restriction is typically advised to help manage fluid retention.

Choice C rationale
Anticipating paracentesis is appropriate as it is a procedure used to remove excess fluid from the abdominal cavity, providing relief from discomfort and respiratory difficulty.

Choice D rationale
Encouraging high-fluid intake is not recommended for ascites management. Fluid restriction may be necessary to prevent further accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Choice E rationale
Administering an albumin infusion can be part of the treatment for ascites, especially following paracentesis, to help maintain blood volume and pressure.

A. Hypertension B. Hypercholesterolemia C. Genetic predisposition D. Obesity E. Smoking

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis. Managing blood pressure through lifestyle changes and medication can reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Choice B rationale
Hypercholesterolemia, or high cholesterol, is another modifiable risk factor. Dietary adjustments, physical activity, and medications can help manage cholesterol levels.

Choice C rationale
Genetic predisposition is not a modifiable risk factor. It is an inherent risk that cannot be changed, but awareness can prompt early monitoring and intervention.

Choice D rationale
Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis. Weight loss through diet and exercise can significantly reduce the risk.

Choice E rationale
Smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis. Quitting smoking can greatly reduce the risk of developing this condition.

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Which of the following are causes of intrarenal acute kidney injury? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which interventions would the nurse expect in the treatment plan for a patient who is admitted to the hospital with ascites? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is giving a presentation to a community group about preventing atherosclerosis. Which of the following should the nurse include as modifiable risk factors for this disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Which laboratory finding indicates the resolution of a patient's acute pancreatitis?

A 72-year-old patient was admitted with epigastric pain caused by a peptic ulcer. Which patient assessment warrants an urgent change in the nursing plan of care?

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?

A 42-year-old patient is newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The patient asks, "Can this be cured?" Which of the following treatment goals are appropriate for a patient with IBD? (Select all that apply.)

After assessing a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC), the nurse concludes that the patient has moderate disease. Which patient symptoms support the nurse's conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is providing teaching on common symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What assessment findings are consistent with this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)

Which finding for a patient with pancreatitis is termed Grey Turner's sign?

What should the nurse ask the patient about to determine possible causes of acute glomerulonephritis?