Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD?

Chronic cough.

Sputum production.

Dyspnea.

Nausea.

Chest pain.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

Choice A rationale

Chronic cough is a hallmark symptom of COPD, resulting from the persistent inflammation and irritation of the airways. The excessive mucus production and damage to the cilia impair the mucociliary clearance mechanism, leading to a persistent need to cough to clear the airways.

Choice B rationale

Sputum production is another common manifestation of COPD. The chronic inflammation in the airways stimulates an overproduction of mucus by the goblet cells. This increased mucus, often thick and tenacious, needs to be expectorated through coughing.

Choice C rationale

Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a progressive symptom of COPD. It arises from the airflow limitation caused by airway narrowing, mucus hypersecretion, and destruction of the lung parenchyma (emphysema). Initially, it occurs with exertion but worsens over time to occur even at rest.

Choice D rationale

Nausea is not typically a primary manifestation of COPD. While some individuals with severe respiratory distress might experience nausea, it is not considered a common or direct symptom of the underlying lung disease itself.

Choice E rationale

Chest pain is not a typical manifestation of uncomplicated COPD. While individuals with COPD can experience chest pain due to other comorbidities, such as cardiac issues or musculoskeletal problems, it is not a direct symptom of the chronic airflow limitation characteristic of COPD.

Nursing Test Bank

Quiz #1: RN Exams Pharmacology Exams Quiz #2: RN Exams Medical-Surgical Exams Quiz #3: RN Exams Fundamentals Exams Quiz #4: RN Exams Maternal-Newborn Exams Quiz #5: RN Exams Anatomy and Physiology Exams Quiz #6: RN Exams Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Quiz #7: RN Exams Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Quiz #8: RN Exams Community Health Exams Quiz #9: RN Exams Promoting Health across the lifespan Exams Quiz #10: RN Exams Multidimensional care Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Quiz #1: Naxlex RN Comprehensive online practice 2019 B with NGN Quiz #2: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quiz #3: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Exit Exam A Quiz #4: Naxlex HESI Exit LPN Exam Quiz #5: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor PN 2020 Quiz #6: Naxlex VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Quiz #8: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 - Exam 1 Quiz #10: Naxlex HESI PN Exit exam Quiz #11: Naxlex HESI PN EXIT Exam 2

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Weak pulses are an expected finding in a child with aortic stenosis because the narrowed aortic valve obstructs blood flow from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation. This obstruction leads to a reduced stroke volume and consequently weaker peripheral pulses as less blood is ejected with each heartbeat.

Choice B rationale

Hypotension is not a typical early finding in aortic stenosis. Initially, the left ventricle compensates for the obstruction by increasing its contractility to maintain cardiac output and blood pressure. Hypotension usually occurs in severe, uncompensated aortic stenosis or with other complications. Normal systolic blood pressure for a 3-year-old ranges from 86 to 120 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure ranges from 56 to 80 mmHg.

Choice C rationale

Bradycardia is not a common finding in aortic stenosis. The body typically responds to reduced cardiac output by increasing heart rate to maintain adequate circulation. Bradycardia might occur in severe cases with significant left ventricular dysfunction or as a result of other underlying conditions. A normal heart rate for a 3-year-old ranges from 70 to 110 beats per minute.

Choice D rationale

A murmur is a hallmark finding in aortic stenosis. The turbulent blood flow across the narrowed aortic valve creates an abnormal heart sound, typically a systolic ejection murmur heard best at the right upper sternal border, radiating to the neck. The characteristics of the murmur (intensity, timing, and location) can provide clues about the severity of the stenosis.

Choice E rationale

Clubbing of the nail beds is a sign of chronic hypoxemia, often associated with cyanotic congenital heart defects that cause long-term low blood oxygen levels. While severe aortic stenosis can eventually lead to heart failure and potentially some degree of hypoxemia, clubbing is not a typical or early finding in this condition.

A. Plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL). B. Myoglobin. C. Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). D. Troponin I. E. Troponin T.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are a measure of cholesterol levels and are primarily used to assess the risk of developing atherosclerosis, a long-term process that can contribute to myocardial infarction. However, LDL levels do not acutely rise in response to an MI and are not used for immediate diagnosis. Normal LDL levels are generally below 100 mg/dL.

Choice B rationale

Myoglobin is a heme protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscle. It is released into the bloodstream relatively quickly (within 1-3 hours) after myocardial injury. Elevated myoglobin levels can indicate muscle damage, but it lacks cardiac specificity as skeletal muscle injury can also cause its release. Normal myoglobin levels are typically less than 90 mcg/L.

Choice C rationale

Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) is an isoenzyme of creatine kinase that is more specific to cardiac muscle. CK-MB levels rise within 3-6 hours after the onset of myocardial infarction, peak at 12-24 hours, and return to normal within 2-3 days. An elevated CK-MB level supports the diagnosis of MI. Normal CK-MB levels are typically 0-3 ng/mL.

Choice D rationale

Troponin I is a cardiac-specific regulatory protein that is released into the bloodstream when myocardial damage occurs. Troponin I levels become elevated within 3-12 hours after the onset of MI, peak at 24-48 hours, and can remain elevated for 5-14 days. Troponin I is highly sensitive and specific for myocardial injury. Normal Troponin I levels are typically less than 0.04 ng/mL.

Choice E rationale

Troponin T is another cardiac-specific regulatory protein that is released into the bloodstream following myocardial infarction. Similar to Troponin I, Troponin T levels rise within 3-12 hours, peak at 12-48 hours, and can remain elevated for up to 14 days. Elevated Troponin T levels are a sensitive and specific marker for cardiac muscle damage. Normal Troponin T levels are typically less than 0.1 ng/mL.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child who has aortic stenosis.Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who reports substernal chest pain and dyspnea.The client is vomiting and is diaphoretic.Which of the following laboratory tests are used to diagnose a myocardial infarction?

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has left-sided heart failure.Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect?

Complete the following sentence. After assessing the client, the nurse should first confirm the client is in cardiac arrest and call for help and then begin CPR at a rate of 30:____ compression to ventilation ratio.

Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD?

A nurse is caring for a client who has atrial fibrillation and is receiving heparin.Which of the following findings is the nurse's priority?

A nurse is providing care for a group of clients who have coronary artery disease who are all scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafts.Which of the following clients is at the highest risk for complications following the surgical procedure?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has atrial fibrillation and reports heart palpitations, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath.Which of the following procedures should the nurse anticipate for this client?

A home health nurse visits a client who has COPD and receives oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula.The client reports difficulty breathing.Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?