Which of the following best describes how grapefruit juice typically interacts with medications?
It increases the metabolism of drugs in the liver
It decreases the absorption of medications
It only affects medications taken in the morning
It blocks the action of enzymes, leading to increased drug levels in the blood
The Correct Answer is D
A. It increases the metabolism of drugs in the liver: Grapefruit juice actually inhibits, rather than increases, the activity of liver enzymes particularly CYP3A4 resulting in slower drug metabolism and higher plasma concentrations of certain medications.
B. It decreases the absorption of medications: Grapefruit juice does not generally reduce drug absorption. In fact, by inhibiting intestinal enzymes, it can increase the absorption and bioavailability of some drugs, potentially raising them to toxic levels.
C. It only affects medications taken in the morning: The interaction is not time-specific. Grapefruit juice can affect drug metabolism even when consumed hours apart from the medication, as enzyme inhibition can persist for up to 24–72 hours.
D. It blocks the action of enzymes, leading to increased drug levels in the blood: Grapefruit juice inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes especially CYP3A4 in the intestinal wall. This results in decreased drug breakdown and higher systemic concentrations, increasing the risk of adverse effects and toxicity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["2"]
Explanation
Desired dose = 160 mg
The medication label for Bevyxxa (betrixaban) Capsules states: 80 mg per capsule.
- Determine the number of capsules needed:
Number of capsules = Desired dose / Dose per capsule
= 160 mg / 80 mg/capsule
= 2 capsules
Correct Answer is ["36"]
Explanation
Given quantity = 4.5 cups
Desired unit = ounces (fluid ounces, as cups are a measure of volume)
Convert from cups to fluid ounces
1 cup = 8 fluid ounces
4.5 cups × 8 fluid ounces/cup
= 36 fluid ounces
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