Which of the following best describes how grapefruit juice typically interacts with medications?
It increases the metabolism of drugs in the liver
It decreases the absorption of medications
It only affects medications taken in the morning
It blocks the action of enzymes, leading to increased drug levels in the blood
The Correct Answer is D
A. It increases the metabolism of drugs in the liver: Grapefruit juice actually inhibits, rather than increases, the activity of liver enzymes particularly CYP3A4 resulting in slower drug metabolism and higher plasma concentrations of certain medications.
B. It decreases the absorption of medications: Grapefruit juice does not generally reduce drug absorption. In fact, by inhibiting intestinal enzymes, it can increase the absorption and bioavailability of some drugs, potentially raising them to toxic levels.
C. It only affects medications taken in the morning: The interaction is not time-specific. Grapefruit juice can affect drug metabolism even when consumed hours apart from the medication, as enzyme inhibition can persist for up to 24–72 hours.
D. It blocks the action of enzymes, leading to increased drug levels in the blood: Grapefruit juice inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes especially CYP3A4 in the intestinal wall. This results in decreased drug breakdown and higher systemic concentrations, increasing the risk of adverse effects and toxicity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Advise the parent to discontinue the medication immediately: Discontinuing the medication without consulting the healthcare provider is unsafe. Stimulants are effective in managing ADHD symptoms, and any adjustments should be made under medical supervision. Abrupt cessation may lead to a return or worsening of symptoms.
B. Encourage the parent to eliminate all snacks between meals to promote hunger at mealtimes: While reducing snacks may improve appetite, it can also result in missed opportunities for nutrient intake, especially when the child already has a reduced appetite due to the medication. This intervention is not the most appropriate or immediate.
C. Encourage the parent to increase the child's physical activity to stimulate appetite: Physical activity can naturally increase appetite over time, but it is not the most direct or effective strategy for managing stimulant-induced appetite suppression. This approach is more of a long-term supportive strategy.
D. Encourage the parent to make breakfast the most important meal of the day before administering the medication: Stimulant medications commonly reduce appetite, especially later in the day. Ensuring the child eats a nutritious breakfast before taking the medication helps maximize calorie and nutrient intake when appetite is highest. This is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 300mg is incorrect.
B. 400mg is incorrect
C. 200mg is incorrect
D. The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. If the half-life is 6 hours, the amount of drug in the body will halve every 6 hours.
- Initial dose: 800 mg
- After 6 hours (1st half-life): 800 mg ÷ 2 = 400 mg
- After 12 hours (2nd half-life): 400 mg ÷ 2 = 200 mg
- After 18 hours (3rd half-life): 200 mg ÷ 2 = 100 mg
After 18 hours (three half-lives), 100 mg of the medication will remain in the patient's system.
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