Which of the following can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?
Fluid sequestration in the upper limbs
Hypotonic hydration
Hypervolemia
Increased sensible water loss
Increased respiratory water loss
The Correct Answer is E
A. Fluid sequestration in the upper limbs: Not typically a physiological response to cold.
B. Hypotonic hydration: Occurs when too much water dilutes body fluids, usually from overhydration, not cold exposure.
C. Hypervolemia: This is fluid overload, unlikely in cold exposure without excess intake.
D. Increased sensible water loss: Sensible water loss refers to loss via urine or sweat—sweating is reduced in cold environments.
E. Increased respiratory water loss: Cold, dry air increases insensible water loss via respiration due to humidification of inspired air.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. High HDL: low LDL: HDL ("good cholesterol") helps remove excess cholesterol, while LDL ("bad cholesterol") contributes to atherosclerosis. This ratio lowers cardiovascular risk.
B. High LDL: low HDL: Unhealthy. Promotes plaque buildup in arteries, increasing cardiovascular risk.
C. High LDL: low chylomicron: Still unhealthy due to elevated LDL, regardless of chylomicron level.
D. High SFA: low HDL: Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase LDL and lower HDL—this is an unhealthy lipid profile.
E. High chylomicron: low LDL: Chylomicrons transport dietary triglycerides but are not indicative of long-term lipid health.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Decrease in aldosterone production: Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium levels, not calcium homeostasis.
B. Secretion of parathyroid hormone: PTH is released in response to low calcium levels. It increases calcium reabsorption from bone, the kidneys, and enhances activation of vitamin D to increase calcium absorption in the intestines.
C. Secretion of renin: Renin responds to decreased renal perfusion pressure or sodium levels, not calcium levels.
D. An increase in blood urea nitrogen: This may indicate renal dysfunction or dehydration, but it's not directly related to calcium levels.
E. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles: Occurs in response to sympathetic stimulation or reduced perfusion, not hypocalcemia.
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