Which of the following can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?
Fluid sequestration in the upper limbs
Hypotonic hydration
Hypervolemia
Increased sensible water loss
Increased respiratory water loss
The Correct Answer is E
A. Fluid sequestration in the upper limbs: Not typically a physiological response to cold.
B. Hypotonic hydration: Occurs when too much water dilutes body fluids, usually from overhydration, not cold exposure.
C. Hypervolemia: This is fluid overload, unlikely in cold exposure without excess intake.
D. Increased sensible water loss: Sensible water loss refers to loss via urine or sweat—sweating is reduced in cold environments.
E. Increased respiratory water loss: Cold, dry air increases insensible water loss via respiration due to humidification of inspired air.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Sickle-cell disease: Anemic hypoxia occurs when the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced, as in sickle-cell disease where abnormal hemoglobin impairs oxygen transport.
B. Emphysema: This causes hypoxic hypoxia due to impaired gas exchange, not anemic hypoxia.
C. Squamous-cell carcinoma: May obstruct airways but does not directly cause anemic hypoxia.
D. Asthma: Causes obstructive hypoxia (ventilatory defect), not a reduction in hemoglobin or oxygen-carrying capacity.
E. Atelectasis: Collapse of alveoli reduces oxygenation but does not reduce the hemoglobin content-this is hypoxic hypoxia.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B"}
Explanation
A. Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes do undergo some changes with age but not as dramatically as the thymus.
B. Thymus: The thymus undergoes involution after puberty, shrinking in size and being replaced largely by fat, which significantly reduces T-cell production.
C. Spleen: While some function may decline with age, the spleen does not undergo the same marked involution as the thymus.
D. Pharyngeal tonsils: The tonsils may atrophy slightly with age, but the effect is less pronounced than with the thymus.
E. Appendix: The appendix may reduce in lymphoid tissue over time but does not exhibit the same profound involution.
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