Which of the following can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?
Fluid sequestration in the upper limbs
Hypotonic hydration
Hypervolemia
Increased sensible water loss
Increased respiratory water loss
The Correct Answer is E
A. Fluid sequestration in the upper limbs: Not typically a physiological response to cold.
B. Hypotonic hydration: Occurs when too much water dilutes body fluids, usually from overhydration, not cold exposure.
C. Hypervolemia: This is fluid overload, unlikely in cold exposure without excess intake.
D. Increased sensible water loss: Sensible water loss refers to loss via urine or sweat—sweating is reduced in cold environments.
E. Increased respiratory water loss: Cold, dry air increases insensible water loss via respiration due to humidification of inspired air.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Metabolic acidosis: This occurs due to loss of bicarbonate (e.g., from diarrhea), not vomiting.
B. Metabolic alkalosis: Vomiting results in loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach, leading to a relative increase in bicarbonate and metabolic alkalosis.
C. Respiratory alkalosis: Caused by hyperventilation, not vomiting.
D. Respiratory acidosis: Results from hypoventilation or lung disease, not gastrointestinal losses.
E. Lymphatic alkalosis: Not a recognized medical condition.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"C"}
Explanation
A. Visceral layer of the serous pericardium; myocardium:
The visceral pericardium lies on top of the myocardium, but no pericardial fluid is between them.
B. Visceral layer of the serous pericardium; epicardium:
The visceral layer is the epicardium, so this is redundant.
C. Parietal layer of the serous pericardium; visceral layer of the serous pericardium:
The pericardial cavity lies between these two layers and contains pericardial fluid to reduce friction during heartbeats.
D. Myocardium; endocardium:
This is internal to the heart and not where pericardial fluid is located.
E. Epicardium; myocardium:
Again, this space contains muscle and connective tissue, not fluid.
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