Which of the following infections would the nurse recognize as being a health care-associated infection?
A person with diabetes who requires hospitalization for cellulitis.
Pneumonia in a hospitalized patient.
Chronic urinary tract infection for a homebound patient.
A sexually transmitted infection in a healthy young adult.
The Correct Answer is B
A. A person with diabetes who requires hospitalization for cellulitis: Cellulitis may not necessarily be a healthcare-associated infection unless it developed as a complication during the hospitalization.
B. Pneumonia in a hospitalized patient: Pneumonia acquired during a hospital stay is considered a healthcare-associated infection (HAI) because it develops after 48 hours of hospital admission.
C. Chronic urinary tract infection for a homebound patient: A chronic urinary tract infection in a homebound patient is not automatically considered a healthcare-associated infection unless it can be directly linked to healthcare interventions or devices.
D. A sexually transmitted infection in a healthy young adult: Sexually transmitted infections are not healthcare-associated infections as they are typically acquired through sexual contact rather than healthcare settings.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Endogenous Infection: Endogenous infections originate from the client's own microbiota and typically do not involve medical interventions such as urinary catheterization.
B. Systemic Infection: Systemic infections affect the entire body and may not necessarily be related to the urinary tract.
C. Exogenous Infection: Exogenous infections originate from sources outside the client's body.
While the urinary tract infection could be caused by bacteria from the environment, it is more specifically categorized as a healthcare-associated infection (HAI) due to the indwelling urinary catheter being a risk factor.
D. Health Care-Associated Infection: A healthcare-associated infection (HAI) occurs as a result of healthcare interventions and can include infections related to urinary catheterization, surgery, or other medical procedures.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Normal white blood cell count: In wound sepsis, the white blood cell count is typically elevated as part of the body's immune response to infection, not normal.
B. Fever and chills: Fever (hyperthermia) and chills are common signs of systemic infection, including wound sepsis. They indicate an inflammatory response and activation of the body's defense mechanisms.
C. Decreased pain at the wound site: Increased pain at the wound site is more commonly associated with wound infection, not decreased pain.
D. Redness and swelling: Redness (erythema) and swelling (edema) are local signs of inflammation and can be present in infected wounds, but they are not specific to wound sepsis and may occur in non-infected wounds as well.
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