Which of the following is a common cause of cardiogenic shock?

Anaphylaxis

Hypovolemia

Pulmonary embolism

Myocardial infarction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

D. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a common cause of cardiogenic shock. In myocardial infarction, part of the heart muscle becomes ischemic or necrotic due to occlusion of a coronary artery. This leads to impaired cardiac function and reduced cardiac output, resulting in cardiogenic shock. Prompt recognition and treatment of myocardial infarction are crucial to prevent or manage cardiogenic shock.
A. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can lead to systemic vasodilation and distributive shock, but it is not a common cause of cardiogenic shock. In anaphylaxis, the primary mechanism of shock is typically related to widespread vasodilation and increased vascular permeability rather than impaired cardiac function.
B. Hypovolemic shock occurs due to a decrease in intravascular volume, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion. It is not a common cause of cardiogenic shock, as the underlying mechanism is different. In hypovolemic shock, the primary issue is the loss of circulating blood volume, whereas cardiogenic shock involves impaired cardiac function.
C. Pulmonary embolism can lead to acute right heart strain or failure, which may result in hemodynamic instability and shock. However, pulmonary embolism typically causes obstructive shock rather than cardiogenic shock. Obstructive shock occurs when blood flow is obstructed, such as by a pulmonary embolism, leading to reduced cardiac output.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Respiratory acidosis- The pH is acidic, and the PaCO2 is elevated, indicating respiratory acidosis. The client's hypoventilation (respiratory rate of 7/min) is causing retention of carbon dioxide, leading to respiratory acidosis.
A. Metabolic alkalosis- The ABG values do not support a diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis. The pH is acidic, and the base excess is negative, indicating a mild metabolic acidosis.
B. Respiratory alkalosis- The ABG values do not support a diagnosis of respiratory alkalosis. The pH is acidic, and the PaCO2 is elevated, indicating respiratory acidosis rather than alkalosis.
D. Metabolic acidosis- While there is evidence of a mild metabolic acidosis indicated by the negative base excess, the primary disturbance in this case is respiratory acidosis, as evidenced by the low pH and elevated PaCO2.

A. Different blood pressures in the upper limbs. B. Differences in upper and lower lung sounds. C. Differences between oral and axillary temperatures. D. Different apical and radial pulses.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. Atrial fibrillation can lead to irregular and often rapid heart rates, resulting in discrepancies between the apical (heart) and radial (peripheral) pulses. In atrial fibrillation, the atria fibrillate instead of contracting effectively, leading to irregular and sometimes asynchronous ventricular contractions. This irregularity may result in a pulse deficit, where the number of apical beats exceeds the number of radial pulses felt at the wrist.

A. Different blood pressures in the upper limbs may indicate conditions such as aortic dissection or arterial stenosis, but they are not typically associated with atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation primarily affects the heart rhythm rather than blood pressure distribution.

B. Differences in upper and lower lung sounds may indicate conditions such as pneumonia or pleural effusion, but they are not specific to atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation primarily affects the heart's electrical activity rather than respiratory findings.

C. Differences between oral and axillary temperatures may indicate localized variations in temperature, such as infection or inflammation, but they are not specific to atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation primarily affects cardiac rhythm rather than body temperature regulation.

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Which of the following is a common cause of cardiogenic shock?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is admitted to the emergency room with a respiratory rate of 7/min. Arterial blood gases (ABG) reveal the following values. Which of the following is an appropriate analysis of the ABGS? pH 7.22 PaCO2 68 mm Hg Base excess-2 PaO2 78 mm Hg Saturation 80% Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has pericarditis and reports feeling a new onset of palpitations and shortness of breath. Which of the following assessments should indicate to the nurse that the client may have developed atrial fibrillation?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

When admitting a patient with possible respiratory failure and a high PaCO2, which assessment information should be immediately reported to the health care provider?

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