Which of the following is a common symptom of depression in younger children?

Increased energy levels.

Decreased irritability.

Improved concentration.

Changes in appetite and sleep patterns.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

Increased energy levels are typically not a symptom of depression in younger children. Instead, depression often manifests as a reduction in energy, leading to fatigue, lethargy, and a general lack of motivation or interest in previously enjoyed activities. This shift in energy levels can significantly impact daily functioning and play.

Choice B rationale

Decreased irritability is not a common symptom of depression in younger children. On the contrary, young children experiencing depression often exhibit heightened irritability, anger outbursts, and defiance as external manifestations of their internal distress and sadness. This can lead to difficulties in social interactions.

Choice C rationale

Improved concentration is not a symptom of depression; rather, impaired concentration and difficulty focusing are hallmark signs. Children with depression often struggle with academic tasks, forgetfulness, and an inability to sustain attention, leading to a decline in school performance and frustration.

Choice D rationale

Changes in appetite and sleep patterns are common neurovegetative symptoms of depression across all age groups, including younger children. This can present as increased or decreased appetite, leading to weight changes, and difficulties with sleep, such as insomnia, hypersomnia, or frequent awakenings, disrupting daily routines.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

This statement is correct. Erythromycin 0.5% ophthalmic ointment is routinely administered to newborns to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum, which is an infection of the newborn's eyes caused by bacteria such as *Neisseria gonorrhoeae* or *Chlamydia trachomatis* acquired during passage through the birth canal.

Choice B rationale

This statement is incorrect. While the medication prevents neonatal ophthalmia caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it is routinely administered to *all* newborns regardless of the mother's STI status. This is due to the potential for asymptomatic maternal infection and to ensure broad-spectrum prophylaxis.

Choice C rationale

This statement is correct. Cleaning the newborn's eyes from inner to outer canthus before administration removes any discharge or meconium that could interfere with medication absorption or introduce further contamination, ensuring optimal efficacy and preventing the spread of potential pathogens during application.

Choice D rationale

This statement is correct. Waiting at least one minute after administration before wiping the excess allows the medication sufficient time to spread across the conjunctival sac and be absorbed by the ocular tissues, maximizing its prophylactic effect against potential bacterial pathogens present on the eye surface.

Choice E rationale

This statement is incorrect. While the medication does treat conjunctivitis, its primary purpose in newborns is prophylactic, meaning it is given to *prevent* neonatal ophthalmia, not to treat existing conjunctivitis. It is administered to all newborns as a preventative measure against specific bacterial infections.

A. Restrain the child for safety. B. Allow self-soothing behavior and ensure a low-stimulus environment. C. Redirect the child immediately to stop the behavior. D. Engage in verbal interaction to distract the child.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Restraining a child with autism can exacerbate distress and lead to further agitation due to sensory overload and a feeling of loss of control. Physical restraint can activate the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate and cortisol levels, which can traumatize the child and hinder therapeutic rapport, contravening principles of trauma-informed care.

Choice B rationale

Hand flapping and rocking are common self-stimulatory behaviors, or "stimming," in children with autism, serving to regulate sensory input and manage anxiety. Allowing these behaviors in a low-stimulus environment supports emotional regulation by reducing external stressors and promoting a sense of security, which is crucial for individuals with sensory processing differences.

Choice C rationale

Immediately redirecting or attempting to stop self-stimulatory behaviors can be counterproductive for a child with autism. These behaviors often serve a vital self-regulatory function; interrupting them without providing an alternative coping mechanism can increase anxiety, frustration, and escalate behavioral challenges, disrupting their internal equilibrium.

Choice D rationale

Engaging in verbal interaction to distract a child with autism during self-soothing can disrupt their regulatory process. Children with ASD often have difficulties with social communication and may find unexpected verbal input overwhelming, potentially increasing sensory overload and agitation, rather than providing effective distraction or comfort.

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Which of the following is a common symptom of depression in younger children?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a student on newborn erythromycin 0.9% ophthalmic ointment administration. Which of the following statements by the nurse should be included in the teaching? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A 6-year-old child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is hospitalized for a respiratory infection. The nurse notices the child flapping his hands and rocking in the corner during assessment. What is the best nursing action?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

At what age is scoliosis screening typically recommended to begin for children?

A nurse assisting on a labor unit is collecting data about the fetal heart rate pattern of a client in labor. Which of the following findings should the nurse classify as nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns? (Select All that Apply.)

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A nurse in a prenatal clinic is determining a client's estimated date of delivery using Naegele's rule. The first day of her last menstrual period was May 4. Which of the following dates should the nurse tell the client is her estimated date of delivery?

A practical nurse is reinforcing education with a client on the benefits of support during labor. Which of the following benefits should the nurse include in their teaching reinforcement? (Select All that Apply.)

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