Which of the following is a common symptom of depression in younger children?
Increased energy levels.
Decreased irritability.
Improved concentration.
Changes in appetite and sleep patterns.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Increased energy levels are typically not a symptom of depression in younger children. Instead, depression often manifests as a reduction in energy, leading to fatigue, lethargy, and a general lack of motivation or interest in previously enjoyed activities. This shift in energy levels can significantly impact daily functioning and play.
Choice B rationale
Decreased irritability is not a common symptom of depression in younger children. On the contrary, young children experiencing depression often exhibit heightened irritability, anger outbursts, and defiance as external manifestations of their internal distress and sadness. This can lead to difficulties in social interactions.
Choice C rationale
Improved concentration is not a symptom of depression; rather, impaired concentration and difficulty focusing are hallmark signs. Children with depression often struggle with academic tasks, forgetfulness, and an inability to sustain attention, leading to a decline in school performance and frustration.
Choice D rationale
Changes in appetite and sleep patterns are common neurovegetative symptoms of depression across all age groups, including younger children. This can present as increased or decreased appetite, leading to weight changes, and difficulties with sleep, such as insomnia, hypersomnia, or frequent awakenings, disrupting daily routines.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Iron (normal adult range: 60-170 µg/dL) is crucial during pregnancy to support the increased maternal blood volume and fetal red blood cell production. Iron deficiency anemia is common in pregnancy and can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, and adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth or low birth weight.
Choice B rationale
Calcium (normal range: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL) intake is vital for fetal skeletal development and maintaining maternal bone density. If maternal calcium intake is insufficient, the fetus will draw calcium from the mother's bones, potentially leading to maternal bone demineralization and increased risk of osteoporosis later in life.
Choice C rationale
Vitamin D (normal range: 30-100 ng/mL) is essential for calcium absorption and utilization, which is critical for fetal bone and tooth development. Adequate vitamin D levels also support maternal immune function and may play a role in preventing preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
Choice D rationale
While Vitamin E (normal range: 5.5-17 µg/mL) is an important antioxidant, there is no strong evidence to recommend a significant increase in its intake during pregnancy. Excessive intake of some vitamins can be harmful; therefore, general nutritional guidelines emphasize a balanced diet to meet vitamin E needs.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Increased dietary fiber (cellulose) adds bulk to the stool, promoting peristalsis and facilitating bowel movements. Adequate fluid intake is crucial for softening stool and preventing dehydration, which can exacerbate constipation. Together, these interventions physically aid in the formation and passage of softer, more regular stools, addressing the root cause of pregnancy-related constipation.
Choice B rationale
Regular use of a laxative, especially stimulant laxatives, is generally discouraged during pregnancy due to potential for dependency, electrolyte imbalances, and uterine contractions. While some bulk-forming laxatives might be considered, the primary recommendation focuses on dietary and lifestyle modifications as a safer and more physiological approach to managing constipation.
Choice C rationale
Maintenance of good posture can influence comfort and spinal alignment, but it does not directly address the physiological mechanisms contributing to constipation, such as slowed gastrointestinal motility or insufficient dietary fiber and fluid. While beneficial for overall well-being, it is not a primary intervention for alleviating constipation.
Choice D rationale
Regular use of glycerin suppositories acts as a local irritant and osmotic agent to soften and stimulate the rectum for defecation. While they can provide temporary relief, they do not address the underlying causes of constipation in pregnancy and their regular use can lead to dependency, hindering the body's natural bowel function.
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