Which of the following is a hormone pair that acts as antagonists in the body?
insulin and glucagon
Ghrelin and gastrin
Calcitonin and melatonin
Androsterone and estradiol
The Correct Answer is A
a. Insulin and glucagon: These hormones have opposite effects on blood glucose levels; insulin decreases blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake, while glucagon increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis.
b. Ghrelin and gastrin: Ghrelin stimulates appetite, and gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion, but they do not directly oppose each other.
c. Calcitonin and melatonin: Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels, while melatonin regulates sleep-wake cycles; they do not act as antagonists.
d. Androsterone and estradiol: These are sex hormones with different roles but are not direct antagonists; they do not have opposing effects in the body.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
a. Blood clot formation: This is one of the later stages of hemostasis, involving the formation of a fibrin clot to seal the wound.
b. Platelet aggregation: This occurs after the initial vasoconstriction and is part of the platelet plug formation phase.
c. Activation of prothrombin: This occurs in the coagulation phase where prothrombin is converted to thrombin, leading to the formation of a fibrin clot.
d. Constriction of smooth muscle in blood vessels: This is the first response, known as vascular spasm or vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow to the area and minimizes blood loss.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a: Decreased osmotic pressure - Decreased osmotic pressure would lead to fluid retention within the capillaries, not lymph production.
b. Increased hydrostatic pressure: Lymph is produced when there is an increase in hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries, which forces fluid and solutes out into the interstitial space, forming lymph.
c: Decreased hydrostatic pressure - Decreased hydrostatic pressure would result in decreased filtration of fluid from the capillaries, hindering lymph production.
d: Increased osmotic pressure - Increased osmotic pressure would draw fluid back into the capillaries, opposing lymph formation.
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