Which of the following is a potential complication of peritoneal dialysis?
Hypertension.
Hyperglycemia.
Peritonitis.
Hypokalemia.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Hypertension is less likely to be a direct complication of peritoneal dialysis. In fact, effective peritoneal dialysis can help manage fluid balance and remove excess sodium, which can contribute to better blood pressure control in individuals with kidney failure. The process aims to remove solutes and water, often mitigating hypertensive states.
Choice B rationale
Hyperglycemia can be a complication of peritoneal dialysis due to the high dextrose concentration in the dialysate solution. Dextrose, a type of sugar, is used as an osmotic agent to draw excess fluid and waste products from the blood into the peritoneal cavity. This can lead to increased glucose absorption into the bloodstream.
Choice C rationale
Peritonitis, an inflammation of the peritoneum, is the most common and serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. It occurs due to bacterial or fungal contamination of the peritoneal cavity, often introduced during catheter manipulation or connection. Symptoms include abdominal pain, cloudy dialysate, and fever, requiring prompt antibiotic treatment.
Choice D rationale
Hypokalemia is generally not a common complication of peritoneal dialysis. The dialysate solution typically contains potassium or is potassium-free, allowing for controlled removal of potassium from the body. However, significant potassium imbalances are usually managed by adjusting the dialysate composition rather than being a frequent, inherent complication.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
This action is critical because immediate manual elevation of the fetal presenting part off the prolapsed umbilical cord directly alleviates cord compression, which is the primary cause of fetal hypoxia and acidosis. Sustained compression compromises umbilical blood flow, depriving the fetus of oxygen and nutrients, leading to severe bradycardia and potential neurological damage. This direct intervention aims to restore uteroplacental perfusion.
Choice B rationale
The knee-to-chest position, along with Trendelenburg or modified Sims, leverages gravity to displace the presenting fetal part away from the pelvis and the prolapsed cord. This physical repositioning reduces the pressure exerted by the fetus on the cord, thereby minimizing further compromise of blood flow and maintaining fetal oxygenation. These positions help to prevent further compression.
Choice C rationale
Continuous fetal heart tone monitoring is essential for ongoing assessment of fetal well-being, but it is not a *priority action* in the sense of directly intervening to relieve cord compression. While crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions and guiding subsequent management, the immediate physical actions to relieve pressure take precedence to mitigate acute fetal distress. Normal fetal heart rate is 110-160 beats per minute.
Choice D rationale
Prompt notification of the provider and initiation of preparations for an emergency cesarean birth are paramount because a prolapsed cord often necessitates immediate delivery to prevent prolonged fetal compromise. This action mobilizes the medical team and resources required for rapid surgical intervention, which is the definitive treatment to resolve the life-threatening situation for the fetus.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The primary nurse, while having a close relationship with the client and family, is not typically the first professional to address organ donation. Their role involves providing direct medical care and support, and discussing organ donation could introduce a conflict of interest or compromise the therapeutic relationship during a sensitive time.
Choice B rationale
The social worker provides psychosocial support and resource navigation. While they may be involved in discussions about end-of-life care, initiating the organ donation conversation is a specialized role requiring specific training and adherence to legal and ethical guidelines, which typically falls outside their initial scope.
Choice C rationale
The organ procurement coordinator is specifically trained and legally authorized to discuss organ donation with families. They possess the necessary knowledge about the donation process, ethical considerations, and legal requirements, ensuring the conversation is handled sensitively and accurately, minimizing distress for the family.
Choice D rationale
The attending physician’s primary responsibility is the medical care of the patient. Introducing the topic of organ donation could potentially be perceived as abandoning care or create a conflict of interest. While they may support the coordinator, direct initiation by the physician is generally avoided to maintain trust and focus on patient care.
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