Which of the following is a sign of cystitis?

Choice a reason: Washing the perineum every 8 hours is not a specific recommendation for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Maintaining good personal hygiene is important, but washing the perineum every 8 hours is not necessary. Regular daily hygiene, including cleaning the perineal area thoroughly, is sufficient to help prevent UTIs.
Choice b reason: Avoid drinking cranberry juice is incorrect. Cranberry juice is often recommended as a preventive measure for UTIs. It is believed to help prevent bacteria from adhering to the walls of the urinary tract, reducing the risk of infection. Drinking cranberry juice or taking cranberry supplements can be part of a strategy to prevent UTIs.
Choice c reason: Drinking large amounts of caffeine is not recommended for preventing UTIs. Caffeine can irritate the bladder and may contribute to urinary frequency and urgency, which are not helpful in preventing infections. Staying well-hydrated with water is more beneficial for urinary health.
Choice d reason: Voiding frequently is an important preventive measure for UTIs. Regularly emptying the bladder helps flush out bacteria that could cause an infection. Holding urine for extended periods can increase the risk of bacterial growth and infection.
Choice e reason: Voiding after sexual intercourse is recommended to help prevent UTIs. This practice helps flush out any bacteria that may have been introduced into the urinary tract during intercourse. It is a simple and effective way to reduce the risk of developing a UTI.

Choice a reason: Urgency refers to the sudden and compelling need to urinate immediately. It is a common symptom of urinary tract infections, bladder disorders, or other conditions affecting the urinary system. However, urgency is not related to the low urine output of 250 mL in a 24-hour period and does not accurately describe the client's condition.
Choice b reason: Oliguria is the term used to describe a significantly reduced urine output, defined as less than 400 mL in a 24-hour period in adults. The client's urine output of 250 mL in 24 hours falls within the range of oliguria, indicating a potential issue with kidney function or fluid balance. Documenting this finding as oliguria is accurate and helps guide further assessment and intervention.
Choice c reason: Dysuria refers to painful or difficult urination, often associated with conditions such as urinary tract infections or bladder inflammation. While dysuria is a relevant symptom in some cases, it does not describe the low urine output observed in the client. Documenting the finding as dysuria would be inaccurate and could lead to misinterpretation of the client's condition.
Choice d reason: Nocturia is the term used to describe waking up during the night to urinate frequently. It is a common symptom of various conditions, including bladder disorders, sleep disturbances, and certain medical conditions. However, nocturia does not describe the low urine output of 250 mL in 24 hours and is not an accurate term for documenting this finding.