Which of the following is considered a risk factor for COPD?
Hypertension
Male
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
History of Pulmonary Embolism
The Correct Answer is C
A. Hypertension is not a direct risk factor for COPD. However, COPD and hypertension can coexist, especially in smokers.
B. Being male was once associated with a higher COPD prevalence, but COPD affects both sexes, especially as smoking habits have become more equal.
C. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is correct. AAT deficiency is a genetic disorder that leads to early-onset emphysema, even in non-smokers. It impairs the lungs' ability to protect themselves from enzymatic damage.
D. History of pulmonary embolism is not a primary risk factor for COPD, though lung damage from recurrent emboli can contribute to respiratory issues.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While increasing caloric intake is important, the primary reason for small, frequent meals is to prevent dyspnea.
B. Social interaction is beneficial, but it is not the main reason for recommending small, frequent meals.
C. Ensuring a balanced diet is important, but not the specific reason for this recommendation.
D. Eating large meals can cause abdominal distention and pressure on the diaphragm, leading to dyspnea. Small, frequent meals help prevent this.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Nitroglycerin is used in the acute phase of an MI to relieve chest pain by dilating coronary arteries. However, after the initial phase, it is not the primary medication for managing pain and anxiety.
B. Morphine is administered after the initial acute phase to manage pain and anxiety. It reduces myocardial oxygen demand, decreases pain perception, and provides sedation, which can help lower stress levels.
C. Aspirin is given in the acute phase to prevent further clot formation but does not address pain and anxiety.
D. Oxygen is administered in the acute phase if the client is hypoxic, but routine oxygen therapy is no longer recommended unless needed.
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