Which of the following is considered a risk factor for COPD?

Hypertension

Male

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

History of Pulmonary Embolism

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Hypertension is not a direct risk factor for COPD. However, COPD and hypertension can coexist, especially in smokers.
B. Being male was once associated with a higher COPD prevalence, but COPD affects both sexes, especially as smoking habits have become more equal.
C. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is correct. AAT deficiency is a genetic disorder that leads to early-onset emphysema, even in non-smokers. It impairs the lungs' ability to protect themselves from enzymatic damage.
D. History of pulmonary embolism is not a primary risk factor for COPD, though lung damage from recurrent emboli can contribute to respiratory issues.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Obtaining an ECG is important but not the first action. The priority is to stop activity, as exertion can worsen myocardial oxygen demand.
B. Having the client sit down immediately is correct. Stopping activity reduces cardiac workload and oxygen demand, preventing further ischemia or infarction.
C. Assessing vital signs is important but should follow stopping activity. Chest pain requires immediate action to reduce cardiac strain.
D. Administering sublingual nitroglycerin is appropriate but should be done after ensuring the client is seated. This prevents hypotension and syncope from occurring while standing.

A. Encourage an increased intake of the client's favorite drink B. Continue to monitor daily weights and edema and document findings. C. Perform a head-to-toe assessment, including vital signs D. Check the record to determine code status

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Encouraging increased fluid intake is incorrect. Clients with heart failure are at risk for fluid overload, and excessive fluid intake can worsen symptoms.
B. Simply monitoring and documenting findings is insufficient. A 2-pound weight gain in a short period suggests fluid retention and worsening heart failure, requiring further assessment and possible intervention.
C. Performing a head-to-toe assessment, including vital signs, is correct. The nurse should assess for worsening heart failure, including lung sounds (crackles), respiratory effort, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, to determine if immediate interventions are needed.
D. Checking code status is not the priority. While knowing a client’s code status is important, the immediate concern is assessing for signs of fluid overload and potential decompensation.

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Which of the following is considered a risk factor for COPD?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is providing care for a client admitted to rule out a myocardial infarction who is experiencing chest pain while walking to the bathroom. Which action should the nurse implement first?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with a history of heart failure on daily weights has a 2-pound weight gain and pitting edema in bilateral lower extremities. Which action should the nurse take next?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a client with the diagnosis of left-sided heart failure. Which clinical finding should the nurse expect the client to experience?

A client with a diagnosis of heart failure is admitted to the cardiac unit. Which intervention should the nurse complete first?

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has angina pectoris and a new prescription for nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is assessing a client who has obstructive sleep apnea. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is collecting a medication history from a client who is scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following medications taken by the client interacts with contrast material and places the client at risk for acute kidney injury?

Why are small, frequent meals recommended for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

A nurse in an emergency department is planning care for a client who is having an acute myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse should plan to administer which of the following medications after the initial acute phase to manage the client's pain and anxiety?