Which of the following is NOT a type of advance directive?

Choice A rationale
Tertiary prevention involves managing and rehabilitating patients with established diseases to prevent complications and improve quality of life. Referring a client to a specialist for further evaluation does not fit this category.
Choice B rationale
Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of disease by reducing risk factors and promoting health. Referring a client to a specialist for further evaluation is not primary prevention.
Choice C rationale
Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of disease to prevent progression. Referring a client to a specialist for further evaluation fits this category as it aims to identify and address health issues early.
Choice D rationale
“Disease process” is not a recognized level of prevention. The correct levels are primary, secondary, and tertiary.

Choice A rationale
Quasi-experimental research involves the manipulation of an independent variable to determine its effect on a dependent variable, similar to experimental research. However, quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment to groups, which can limit the ability to infer causality. Despite this limitation, quasi-experimental designs are valuable for studying causal relationships in real-world settings where random assignment is not feasible.
Choice B rationale

Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating any variables. It does not involve the manipulation of an independent variable or the use of control groups, making it distinct from quasi-experimental research.
Choice C rationale
Qualitative research focuses on exploring and understanding the meaning and experiences of individuals through methods such as interviews, observations, and content analysis. It does not involve the manipulation of variables or the use of experimental designs, making it distinct from quasi-experimental research.
Choice D rationale
Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to identify patterns, relationships, and trends. While quasi-experimental research is a type of quantitative research, not all quantitative research involves quasi-experimental designs. Quantitative research can also include experimental, correlational, and descriptive designs.