Which of the following is the correct angle of insertion when performing venipuncture using the evacuated tube method?
50°
30°
90°
75°
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A Reason:
An angle of 50° is too steep for venipuncture and increases the risk of going through the vein and causing injury to structures beneath it. A steeper angle can also make it more difficult to control the depth of the needle, leading to an increased chance of puncturing the posterior wall of the vein.
Choice B Reason:
An angle of 30° is the recommended angle for venipuncture as it allows for a smooth entry into the vein without going too deep. This angle helps to ensure that the needle enters the vein in a controlled manner and minimizes the risk of injury to the patient. It also provides a good balance between ease of entry and control over the needle's depth.
Choice C Reason:
An angle of 90° is not recommended for venipuncture because it is perpendicular to the skin, which greatly increases the risk of passing through the vein entirely and causing injury. This angle does not allow for any control over the depth of the needle and is likely to cause discomfort or pain to the patient.
Choice D Reason:
An angle of 75° is also too steep for safe venipuncture. Similar to a 50° angle, it increases the risk of penetrating the posterior wall of the vein and potentially damaging surrounding tissues or arteries. It is important to use a lower angle to ensure the safety and comfort of the patient during the procedure.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Explaining the procedure to both the parent and the child is crucial. It helps in preparing the child psychologically and ensures that the parent is informed and can provide support during the process. Clear communication can reduce anxiety and make the child more cooperative. It is also a part of informed consent, where the parent understands what the procedure entails and why it is necessary¹².
Choice B Reason:
Choosing not to tell the child when the needle insertion is coming might seem like a way to avoid causing them anticipatory anxiety. However, this approach can lead to mistrust. Children need to be prepared for what to expect, and surprising them can be more traumatic in the long run. It is better to be honest and use age-appropriate language to describe the sensation as a 'quick pinch' or 'poke'¹².
Choice C Reason:
Obtaining a heel stick is a common method for blood collection in infants, particularly newborns, as their veins are not as developed. However, for preschoolers, venipuncture is usually the preferred method because they have more developed veins, and it allows for a larger volume of blood to be collected if needed³.
Choice D Reason:
Obtaining a thumb stick is not a standard practice for blood collection in preschoolers. The thumb has bones and tendons close to the surface, which can increase the risk of injury. The preferred sites are the antecubital fossa of the arm or the back of the hand where the veins are more accessible and there is less risk of hitting bone³.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The Apgar score is a quick test performed on a newborn at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. The 1-minute score determines how well the baby tolerated the birthing process. The 5-minute score tells the healthcare provider how well the baby is doing outside the mother's womb. While it is an important indicator of a newborn's health, it does not directly influence the calculation of total blood volume.
Choice B reason:
Height is a measure of the length of a person's body. In the context of a 2-day-old infant, height is not a practical or necessary measurement for determining blood volume. Blood volume is more closely related to weight than to height, especially in the case of infants.
Choice C reason:
Head circumference is a measurement of the size of a child's head and is used to monitor brain growth. While it can provide valuable information about a child's development, it is not used to calculate blood volume. The total blood volume of an infant is not determined by the size of the head but rather by the overall weight.
Choice D reason:
Weight is the correct factor to consider when calculating total blood volume for a full-term, 2-day-old infant. The standard formula to estimate an infant's total blood volume is approximately 80 {mL/kg} of body weight. Therefore, knowing the infant's weight in kilograms is essential for this calculation.
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