Which of the following is true about the structures of the digestive tract?
The stomach wall is thrown into folds called villi and microvilli
The esophagus connects the pharynx with the trachea
The pyloric sphincter and ileocecal valve are located at the entrance and exit of the small intestine
The cecum and colon are parts of the small intestine
The Correct Answer is C
A. The stomach wall is thrown into folds called villi and microvilli: Villi and microvilli are found in the small intestine, not the stomach. The stomach has rugae.
B. The esophagus connects the pharynx with the trachea: The esophagus connects the pharynx to the stomach; the trachea connects to the lungs.
C. The pyloric sphincter and ileocecal valve are located at the entrance and exit of the small intestine: The pyloric sphincter regulates entry from the stomach to duodenum, and the ileocecal valve controls flow from the ileum to cecum.
D. The cecum and colon are parts of the small intestine: They are parts of the large intestine, not the small intestine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate): A low GFR would reduce urine output, not increase it.
B. Over secretion of aldosterone: Aldosterone promotes sodium and water reabsorption, which decreases urine output.
C. Decrease amounts of ADH: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps retain water. A deficiency leads to diuresis, causing polyuria (as seen in diabetes insipidus).
D. Activation of angiotensinogen: This leads to vasoconstriction and aldosterone release, promoting water retention, not polyuria.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Causes Na⁺ excretion: Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption, not excretion, to increase blood volume and pressure.
B. Depletes blood volume: Aldosterone increases blood volume by retaining sodium and water.
C. Causes K⁺ reabsorption: Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion, not reabsorption.
D. Causes Na⁺ and water reabsorption: Aldosterone acts on the renal tubules to reabsorb sodium, which draws water back into circulation, increasing blood volume.
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