Which of the following is true about the structures of the digestive tract?
The stomach wall is thrown into folds called villi and microvilli
The esophagus connects the pharynx with the trachea
The pyloric sphincter and ileocecal valve are located at the entrance and exit of the small intestine
The cecum and colon are parts of the small intestine
The Correct Answer is C
A. The stomach wall is thrown into folds called villi and microvilli: Villi and microvilli are found in the small intestine, not the stomach. The stomach has rugae.
B. The esophagus connects the pharynx with the trachea: The esophagus connects the pharynx to the stomach; the trachea connects to the lungs.
C. The pyloric sphincter and ileocecal valve are located at the entrance and exit of the small intestine: The pyloric sphincter regulates entry from the stomach to duodenum, and the ileocecal valve controls flow from the ileum to cecum.
D. The cecum and colon are parts of the small intestine: They are parts of the large intestine, not the small intestine.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Stomach: The stomach primarily functions in mechanical digestion and protein breakdown, but most absorption does not occur here.
B. Duodenum/proximal jejunum: These regions of the small intestine are responsible for majority of digestion and nutrient absorption, including fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
C. Ascending colon: This is part of the large intestine, mainly involved in water and electrolyte absorption, not digestion.
D. Transverse colon: Like the ascending colon, this structure primarily functions in water absorption and feces formation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Renal failure: While renal failure can affect urine output, glucose in the urine (glucosuria) and polyuria with polydipsia are not the hallmark symptoms.
B. Bladder cancer: This may cause hematuria, but it doesn’t typically cause glucosuria, increased thirst, or urination.
C. Diabetes mellitus: In diabetes mellitus, high blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, leading to glucose spilling into the urine, causing polyuria (due to osmotic diuresis) and polydipsia.
D. Kidney cancer: Kidney cancer may cause flank pain, hematuria, or mass, not classic symptoms of diabetes or glucosuria.
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