What is the function(s) of the kidney? (Select all that apply.)
Regulate blood volume
Excrete solid waste
Role in regulation of blood pressure
Regulate body temperature
Regulate electrolyte content of blood
Role in RBC production
Correct Answer : A,C,E,F
A. Regulate blood volume: Kidneys regulate fluid balance by adjusting urine output, influencing blood volume.
B. Excrete solid waste: Kidneys excrete liquid waste (urea, creatinine), not solid waste; the GI tract handles solids.
C. Role in regulation of blood pressure: Via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), kidneys influence vascular resistance and fluid volume.
D. Regulate body temperature: Thermoregulation is managed by the hypothalamus and skin, not the kidneys.
E. Regulate electrolyte content of blood: Kidneys regulate levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in the blood.
F. Role in RBC production: By releasing erythropoietin, kidneys stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Defecation: This is the elimination of feces from the rectum, not the process of moving food through the GI tract.
B. Emulsification: This refers to breaking down fat into smaller droplets (done by bile), not the movement of food.
C. Peristalsis: Peristalsis is the rhythmic muscular contraction that propels food through the digestive tract.
D. Mastication: This is chewing, a mechanical process that occurs in the mouth before food enters the esophagus.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Glucose is used up by the metabolizing nephron units: Nephrons do not metabolize all glucose; their role is to filter and reabsorb.
B. Glucose cannot be filtered: Glucose is a small molecule and is easily filtered by the glomerulus.
C. Glucose is converted to ammonia and excreted as urea: This describes protein metabolism, not glucose.
D. All filtered glucose is reabsorbed: In healthy kidneys, 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, so none appears in urine unless blood levels are too high (e.g., diabetes).
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