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What is the function(s) of the kidney? (Select all that apply.)

A.

Regulate blood volume

B.

Excrete solid waste

C.

Role in regulation of blood pressure

D.

Regulate body temperature

E.

Regulate electrolyte content of blood

F.

Role in RBC production

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E,F

A. Regulate blood volume: Kidneys regulate fluid balance by adjusting urine output, influencing blood volume.

B. Excrete solid waste: Kidneys excrete liquid waste (urea, creatinine), not solid waste; the GI tract handles solids.

C. Role in regulation of blood pressure: Via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), kidneys influence vascular resistance and fluid volume.

D. Regulate body temperature: Thermoregulation is managed by the hypothalamus and skin, not the kidneys.

E. Regulate electrolyte content of blood: Kidneys regulate levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in the blood.

F. Role in RBC production: By releasing erythropoietin, kidneys stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Nothing, it's just a pass through to the next structure: The stomach plays a critical role in digestion through mixing and secretion of gastric juices.

B. Gastric juices mix with the food and the stomach muscles squeeze it: This process forms chyme through mechanical (squeezing) and chemical (acid/enzymes) digestion.

C. The food moves quickly into the small intestine: Food stays in the stomach for a period of time for processing before gradually passing into the small intestine.

D. The food is completely digested and is absorbed by tiny blood vessels in the walls of the stomach: Most digestion and nutrient absorption occur in the small intestine, not the stomach.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Renal failure: While renal failure can affect urine output, glucose in the urine (glucosuria) and polyuria with polydipsia are not the hallmark symptoms.

B. Bladder cancer: This may cause hematuria, but it doesn’t typically cause glucosuria, increased thirst, or urination.

C. Diabetes mellitus: In diabetes mellitus, high blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, leading to glucose spilling into the urine, causing polyuria (due to osmotic diuresis) and polydipsia.

D. Kidney cancer: Kidney cancer may cause flank pain, hematuria, or mass, not classic symptoms of diabetes or glucosuria.

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