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What is the function(s) of the kidney? (Select all that apply.)

Regulate blood volume

Excrete solid waste

Role in regulation of blood pressure

Regulate body temperature

Regulate electrolyte content of blood

Role in RBC production

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E,F

A. Regulate blood volume: Kidneys regulate fluid balance by adjusting urine output, influencing blood volume.

B. Excrete solid waste: Kidneys excrete liquid waste (urea, creatinine), not solid waste; the GI tract handles solids.

C. Role in regulation of blood pressure: Via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), kidneys influence vascular resistance and fluid volume.

D. Regulate body temperature: Thermoregulation is managed by the hypothalamus and skin, not the kidneys.

E. Regulate electrolyte content of blood: Kidneys regulate levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in the blood.

F. Role in RBC production: By releasing erythropoietin, kidneys stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. pH 5.0: This is within normal range (urine pH typically ranges from 4.5 to 8.0).

B. Large amount of white blood cells (WBC): A high WBC count in urine indicates possible infection or inflammation, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), and should be reported.

C. Amber color: Normal urine is straw to amber in color, depending on hydration status. This is not abnormal.

D. Occasional casts: Occasional hyaline casts may be seen in healthy individuals, especially after exercise. Persistent or abnormal casts (e.g., RBC casts) would be more concerning.

A. Stores undigested pieces of food B. Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach C. Absorbs nutrients D. Breaks down proteins

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Stores undigested pieces of food: The stomach, not the esophagus, is responsible for storing food temporarily.

B. Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach: The esophagus is a muscular tube that uses peristalsis to move food from the pharynx to the stomach.

C. Absorbs nutrients: Nutrient absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine, not the esophagus.

D. Breaks down proteins: Protein digestion begins in the stomach via pepsin, not in the esophagus.

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What is the function(s) of the kidney? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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