Which of the following kidney functions contributes to the production of red blood cells?
Releasing stored bicarbonate
Producing and secreting erythropoietin
Stimulating conversion of angiotensinogen
Activating vitamin D
The Correct Answer is B
a. Releasing stored bicarbonate: This function helps regulate acid-base balance but is not related to red blood cell production.
b. Producing and secreting erythropoietin: The kidneys produce and release erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
c. Stimulating conversion of angiotensinogen: This is part of the renin-angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance, not red blood cell production.
d. Activating vitamin D: This function helps in calcium and phosphate metabolism but is not directly involved in red blood cell production.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
a. Forming the contractile component of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems: This describes smooth muscle, not skeletal muscle.
b. Contracting to cause involuntary muscle movements: This is a characteristic of smooth and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscle is primarily involved in voluntary movements.
c. Pumping blood throughout the body: This is the function of cardiac muscle, not skeletal muscle.
d. Shivering for heat production: Correct. Skeletal muscles generate heat through shivering, which is an involuntary contraction response to cold.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a. Stratum granulosum: This layer is composed of keratinocytes that are in the process of dying and forming a barrier of keratin.
b. Stratum basale: This is the deepest layer of the epidermis, where keratinocytes are actively dividing. This layer contains stem cells that produce new keratinocytes to replace those shed from the surface.
c. Stratum lucidum: This layer is only present in thick skin, such as on the palms and soles, and consists of dead keratinocytes that have a translucent appearance.
d. Stratum spinosum: This layer contains keratinocytes that are beginning to produce keratin and other proteins but are not rapidly dividing.
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