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Which of the following medication classifications is considered a cytotoxic chemotherapy agent?

Calcium channel blockers.

Antimetabolites.

Diuretics.

Antibiotics.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension and angina, not as cytotoxic chemotherapy agents.

Choice B rationale

Antimetabolites are a class of chemotherapy agents that interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis, making them cytotoxic and effective in treating cancer.

Choice C rationale

Diuretics are used to remove excess fluid from the body and are not cytotoxic chemotherapy agents.

Choice D rationale

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are not classified as cytotoxic chemotherapy agents.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Lactated Ringers (LR) is an isotonic solution, which means it has the same osmolarity as blood plasma. This property makes LR suitable for rehydrating patients without causing a significant shift of fluids between compartments, maintaining the balance of electrolytes.

Choice B rationale

0.45% Sodium Chloride is a hypotonic solution, meaning it has a lower osmolarity compared to blood plasma. This type of solution would cause fluid to move into cells, potentially leading to cellular swelling.

Choice C rationale

Dextrose in Lactated Ringers is a hypertonic solution because the added dextrose increases the osmolarity. This solution can cause fluid to shift out of cells, leading to cellular shrinkage, which is not ideal for rehydration.

Choice D rationale

None of the above is incorrect because Lactated Ringers (LR) is indeed an isotonic solution.

A. This medication is bactericidal due to inhibition of an enzyme necessary for DNA replication. B. This medication accelerates bacterial growth. C. This medication is a diuretic that works on the distal tubule of the nephron. D. This medication is a beta-blocker that blocks beta-2 receptors, which results in a lower heart rate and blood pressure.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Ciprofloxacin is a bactericidal antibiotic that works by inhibiting DNA gyrase, an enzyme necessary for DNA replication in bacteria. This prevents bacterial cells from replicating and ultimately leads to their death.

Choice B rationale

Ciprofloxacin does not accelerate bacterial growth; instead, it inhibits growth by preventing DNA replication.

Choice C rationale

Ciprofloxacin is not a diuretic. Diuretics work on the kidneys to increase urine production, but ciprofloxacin targets bacterial DNA replication.

Choice D rationale

Ciprofloxacin is not a beta-blocker and does not lower heart rate or blood pressure. Beta-blockers work by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart.

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Which of the following medication classifications is considered a cytotoxic chemotherapy agent?

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