Which of the following patients is most likely to be suffering from Essential Hypertension?

Patient with Cushing's Syndrome

A pregnant patient

Patient with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Patient who smokes 2 packs a day, and is obese

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   This patient is likely to have secondary hypertension due to an underlying endocrine disorder.
B.   This patient may experience gestational hypertension, which is a temporary condition related to pregnancy.
C.   This patient is likely to have secondary hypertension due to kidney dysfunction.
D.   This patient has multiple risk factors for essential hypertension, which is the most common type of hypertension with no identifiable underlying cause. Smoking and obesity are both strong risk factors for developing hypertension.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Breakthrough pain is defined as a transient exacerbation of underlying persistent pain that occurs on a background of otherwise controlled pain. This is the most accurate description of the patient's experience: a sudden increase in pain despite taking regular opioid medication.
B. Phantom limb pain is pain felt in a limb that is no longer there. This does not apply to the patient's situation.
C. Neuropathic pain is caused by damage to the nerves. While it can be achy, the description of localized pain suggests a different type of pain.
D. Mixed pain is a combination of different types of pain. While possible, breakthrough pain is the most likely and specific diagnosis based on the given information.

A. Troponin I & T B. Myoglobin C. BNP D. CK-MB isoenzymes

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. These are the most specific and sensitive markers for diagnosing a heart attack. They are released into the bloodstream when heart muscle is damaged.
B. Myoglobin is an early marker of heart muscle damage, but it is less specific than troponin and can be elevated in other conditions.
C. B-type natriuretic peptide is a hormone primarily used to diagnose heart failure, not acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).
D. Creatine kinase-MB is an older marker for heart damage, but it is less specific than troponin and takes longer to rise in the blood.

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Which of the following patients is most likely to be suffering from Essential Hypertension?

Nursing Test Bank

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