Which of the following processes is required for normal blood clotting?
Activation of plasmin
Activation of heparin
Adequate levels of potassium
Adequate levels of calcium
The Correct Answer is D
a. Activation of plasmin: Plasmin is involved in breaking down blood clots, not in their formation. It is part of the fibrinolytic system.
b. Activation of heparin: Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents clotting; it is not required for blood clotting.
c. Adequate levels of potassium: Potassium is important for cellular function but does not play a direct role in blood clotting.
d. Adequate levels of calcium: Calcium ions are essential for various steps in the blood clotting cascade, including the activation of certain clotting factors.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
a. The right ventricle chamber has a smaller overall capacity than the left ventricle: While true, this doesn't directly explain the difference in muscle thickness.
b. The right ventricle receives blood from right atrium, which has lower pressure than left atrium: Both ventricles receive blood from low-pressure atria. The pressure difference is between the circulation systems they pump blood into.
c. The right ventricle pumps a smaller blood volume than the left ventricle. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, a low-pressure system. Therefore, the right ventricle wall (myocardium) is thinner than the left ventricle wall. The left ventricle pumps blood against the higher resistance of the systemic circulation, so its wall is much thicker and stronger.
d. The right ventricle pumps blood into pulmonary circulation, which has lower resistance than systemic circulation: This is the core reason for the difference in muscle thickness.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a. Purkinje fibers: Purkinje fibers are the last structures to receive the signal within the ventricles, causing them to contract.
b. Bundle of His: The correct sequence of the cardiac conduction system is as follows: The electrical impulse originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node, then travels to the atrioventricular (AV) node. From the AV node, the impulse travels to the Bundle of His. After the Bundle of His, the impulse travels through the bundle branches and finally reaches the Purkinje fibers, which facilitate the contraction of the ventricles.
c. Bundle branches: The electrical impulse for heartbeat originates in the SA node (sinoatrial node). It then travels to the AV node (atrioventricular node), which delays the signal before sending it to the Bundle of His. The Bundle of His splits into right and left bundle branches, which distribute the electrical signal to the Purkinje fibers in the ventricles, causing them to contract in a coordinated fashion.
d. SA node: The SA node initiates the electrical impulse, not receive it after the AV node.
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