Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by a protozoal infection?

Choice A rationale

Scabies typically presents as intensely pruritic papules, vesicles, and burrows, rather than non-pruritic blisters. The characteristic itch is often worse at night and is caused by the mite’s burrowing and excretions under the skin, leading to a hypersensitivity reaction, and does not typically resolve with crusting within 7 days.

Choice B rationale

Prophylactic treatment for household members and close contacts is highly recommended to prevent re-infestation and control the spread of scabies. Even asymptomatic contacts can harbor mites and transmit the infection, making simultaneous treatment crucial for effective eradication and breaking the transmission cycle.

Choice C rationale

Scabies eggs typically hatch within 3 to 4 days after being laid by the female mite in the stratum corneum. The entire life cycle, from egg to adult, takes approximately 10 to 17 days. A 30-day incubation period for eggs is inaccurate and significantly longer than the actual biological process.

Choice D rationale

Scabies is caused by the microscopic mite *Sarcoptes scabiei* var. *hominis*, which burrows into the superficial layers of the epidermis. The female mite deposits eggs and feces within these burrows, leading to an intensely itchy hypersensitivity reaction in the host. This direct infestation causes the characteristic symptoms.

Choice A rationale

Applying wrist and leg restraints significantly restricts a client's movement and can exacerbate confusion and agitation, potentially leading to increased injury risk and psychological distress. This intervention can also impair circulation and skin integrity if not meticulously monitored, and should only be used as a last resort when less restrictive measures have failed. Normal physiological response to restraint includes increased anxiety.

Choice B rationale

Administering medication to sedate a client might reduce restlessness temporarily but could also deepen confusion, increase the risk of falls, and mask underlying medical issues causing the change in mental status. Pharmacological interventions should be carefully considered, with the lowest effective dose, and after a thorough assessment of the cause of the altered mental state. Normal sedation levels aim for calm without excessive drowsiness.

Choice C rationale

While involving family can be supportive, expecting them to stay with the client constantly in a hospital setting may not always be feasible or sustainable. Although family presence can provide comfort and reorientation, it does not directly address the immediate environmental safety needs of a confused and restless client in a hospital. Normal family roles are supportive.

Choice D rationale

Moving the client to a room closer to the nurses' station allows for more frequent and direct observation by nursing staff. This increased proximity enables prompt intervention if the client attempts to get out of bed, falls, or exhibits further changes in mental status, enhancing safety without resorting to restrictive measures. Normal nursing practice prioritizes close monitoring for at-risk clients.