Which of the following structures moves downward to close the trachea during the process of swallowing?
Epiglottis
Vestibular fold
Uvula
Cricoid cartilage
The Correct Answer is A
a. Epiglottis: The epiglottis is a small flap of cartilage located above the larynx (voice box). During swallowing, the epiglottis folds down to cover the opening of the trachea, preventing food or drink from entering the airway and causing choking.
b. Vestibular fold: Vestibular folds are also known as false vocal cords. They do not play a major role in preventing food or drink from entering the airway.
c. Uvula: The uvula is a small, fleshy projection hanging from the back of the soft palate. It does not directly cover the trachea during swallowing.
d. Cricoid cartilage: The cricoid cartilage is a ring-shaped cartilage located at the base of the larynx. It provides structural support and does not move significantly during swallowing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a. Pathogen: A pathogen is a disease-causing organism like bacteria, virus, or parasite. It can trigger an immune response, but not necessarily a hypersensitivity reaction.
b. Allergen: An allergen is a foreign substance (like pollen, dust mites, or food) that can trigger an immune response in an already sensitized individual. This response can lead to allergy symptoms like hay fever or anaphylaxis
c. Immunogen: An immunogen is any substance that can trigger an immune response, but not necessarily a hypersensitivity reaction. It can be a pathogen, allergen, or other foreign substance.
d. Fibrinogen: Fibrinogen is a blood protein involved in blood clotting, not allergic reactions.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a. Produce chemicals that regulate the level of the immune response: While some T-cells can secrete cytokines that regulate the immune response, this is not the primary function of helper T-cells.
b. Recognize foreign antigens and initiate an immune response. Helper T-cells (Th cells) are a type of lymphocyte crucial in cell-mediated immunity. They play a central role in recognizing and identifying foreign antigens (substances recognized as foreign by the immune system). Once they recognize an antigen, they activate other immune cells like cytotoxic T cells and B cells to mount an immune response.
c. Chemically destroy foreign antigens by disrupting cell membranes: This is the function of cytotoxic T cells, not helper T-cells.
d. Create antibodies to target foreign antigens: Antibody production is the function of B cells activated by helper T-cells.
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