Which of the following symptoms is indicative of right-sided heart failure?

Crackles

Orthopnea

Jugular venous distention

Blood-tinged sputum

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Crackles indicate pulmonary edema from left-sided heart failure, where fluid backs up into lungs, not right-sided failure, which affects systemic circulation instead.

Choice B reason: Orthopnea, dyspnea when lying flat, results from left-sided failure’s pulmonary congestion, not right-sided failure, which causes systemic venous pooling, not lung issues.

Choice C reason: Jugular venous distention occurs in right-sided heart failure as the right ventricle fails, backing blood into veins, elevating neck vein pressure visibly.

Choice D reason: Blood-tinged sputum suggests pulmonary edema or infarction, tied to left-sided failure or embolism, not right-sided failure’s systemic congestion pattern.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Increasing oxygen to 3 L/min may help but risks CO2 retention in COPD without assessing respiratory rate, depth, and saturation first, making it premature.

Choice B reason: Coughing clears secretions, but without assessing respiratory status, it’s unclear if secretions are the issue or if the client can effectively cough, so it’s not priority.

Choice C reason: Calling emergency services assumes severity without data like oxygen saturation or distress level, delaying care by skipping initial assessment in this stable setting.

Choice D reason: Assessing respiratory status (rate, oxygen saturation, lung sounds) identifies the cause of difficulty, guiding interventions like oxygen adjustment or escalation, per ABC priority.

A. Albuterol B. Mucolytic C. Montelukast D. Prednisone

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Albuterol, a bronchodilator, rapidly opens airways in COPD, relieving acute shortness of breath and improving oxygenation from 85% by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle.

Choice B reason: Mucolytics thin mucus over time, not addressing acute dyspnea or low saturation (85%) quickly, lacking the immediacy needed in this scenario.

Choice C reason: Montelukast prevents asthma inflammation long-term via leukotriene blockade, not providing rapid relief for COPD’s acute bronchospasm or hypoxia here.

Choice D reason: Prednisone reduces COPD inflammation systemically, but its slow onset doesn’t acutely reverse shortness of breath or oxygen drop like a bronchodilator.

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Which of the following symptoms is indicative of right-sided heart failure?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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