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What is the rationale for esophageal variceal bleeding in a patient with cirrhosis?

A.

Inability of the liver to manufacture bile

B.

A scarred liver results in Portal Hypertension

C.

An elevated level of copper

D.

Inability of the liver to convert NH3 to urea

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Inability of the liver to manufacture bile: This does not directly cause esophageal varices or bleeding.

B. A scarred liver results in Portal Hypertension: Cirrhosis leads to scarring of the liver, which increases resistance to blood flow and causes portal hypertension. This elevated pressure in the portal venous system leads to the development of esophageal varices, which can rupture and bleed.

C. An elevated level of copper: Elevated copper levels are associated with Wilson's disease, not the cause of esophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhosis.

D. Inability of the liver to convert NH3 to urea:  This causes hepatic encephalopathy but is not related to variceal bleeding.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Inability of the liver to manufacture bile: This does not directly cause esophageal varices or bleeding.

B. A scarred liver results in Portal Hypertension: Cirrhosis leads to scarring of the liver, which increases resistance to blood flow and causes portal hypertension. This elevated pressure in the portal venous system leads to the development of esophageal varices, which can rupture and bleed.

C. An elevated level of copper: Elevated copper levels are associated with Wilson's disease, not the cause of esophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhosis.

D. Inability of the liver to convert NH3 to urea: This causes hepatic encephalopathy but is not related to variceal bleeding.

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A. Annual vitamin K injections: Vitamin K injections do not prevent Hepatitis B.

B. Use of standard precautions: Standard precautions reduce the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, including Hepatitis B.

C. Consumption of a vitamin-rich diet: While a healthy diet is important, it does not specifically prevent Hepatitis B.

D. Annual vitamin B12 injections: Vitamin B12 injections are unrelated to Hepatitis B prevention.

E. Immunization: Vaccination is a key preventive measure against Hepatitis B.

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