Which of the following valves separates the atrial and ventricular chambers of the heart?

Rationale:
A. Spleen: While the spleen is involved in filtering blood and immune response, dysfunction of the spleen does not typically cause yellow sclera (jaundice. . Jaundice is more closely associated with liver issues.

B. Liver: Yellow sclera, or jaundice, occurs due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood. The liver is responsible for processing and excreting bilirubin. Dysfunction of the liver, such as in hepatitis or cirrhosis, can lead to an inability to process bilirubin effectively, resulting in its buildup and causing the yellowing of the sclera.

C. Kidneys: Kidney dysfunction can lead to various symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and electrolyte imbalances, but it is not directly related to yellow sclera. Jaundice is not a typical sign of kidney issues.

D. Appendix: The appendix is part of the gastrointestinal tract, and its inflammation leads to appendicitis, characterized by abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms. It does not cause jaundice or yellowing of the sclera.

A. Elastic connective tissue: Elastic connective tissue is characterized by a high proportion of elastic fibers, which allow the tissue to stretch and recoil. It is found in structures like the aorta and ligaments but does not have fibroblasts tightly packed between parallel arrays of collagen fibers.

B. Dense regular connective tissue: Dense regular connective tissue features fibroblasts that are closely packed between parallel arrays of collagen fibers. This organization provides strength and resistance to tensile forces in a specific direction, such as in tendons and ligaments.

C. Dense irregular connective tissue: Dense irregular connective tissue has collagen fibers arranged in a non-parallel, irregular pattern. This arrangement allows it to provide strength and support in multiple directions, as seen in the dermis of the skin, but it does not have parallel arrays of collagen fibers.

D. Reticular connective tissue: Reticular connective tissue contains a network of reticular fibers and supports the framework of organs like the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. It does not have the parallel arrays of collagen fibers seen in dense regular connective tissue.