Which pathology of autonomic cardiac regulation is mediated by sympathetic innervation?

Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate.

Sympathetic activation boosts K+ efflux and increases the inotropic effect.

Sympathetic activation decreases dromotrophy by lowering conduction speed.

Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation reduces pacemaker firing.’

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A: Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate is a manifestation of sympathetic innervation. Sympathetic activation leads to the release of norepinephrine, which enhances the influx of calcium ions (Ca+) into cardiac muscle cells, resulting in increased contractility and heart rate.

Choice B: Sympathetic activation does increase the inotropic effect (contractility) of the heart, but it is primarily mediated by the increased influx of calcium ions (Ca+).

Choice C: Sympathetic activation does not decrease dromotrophy (conduction speed). Instead, it can increase the conduction speed through the cardiac conduction system.

Choice D: Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation does not reduce pacemaker firing; instead, it contributes to the enhanced excitability and automaticity of cardiac cells.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A: Sweaty palms may be related to various factors, including anxiety, physical activity, or environmental conditions. While it may warrant further assessment, it is not necessarily indicative of a nutritional issue in a professional dancer.

Choice B: Fatigue in a professional dancer can be a concerning issue and may indicate an underlying nutritional problem, such as inadequate calorie intake or nutrient deficiencies. Further assessment of the client's dietary habits and energy levels is warranted.

Choice C: Bunions are a foot deformity and are not directly related to nutritional assessment.

Choice D: Dry skin may be related to various factors, including environmental conditions and skin care practices. It may warrant assessment but is not necessarily indicative of a nutritional issue.

A. Sits quietly in her mother's lap. B. Draws picture of self with facial features. C. Talks to an imaginary friend. D. Ignores other children in the play area.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: Sitting quietly in her mother's lap may be a sign of shyness or caution in a healthcare setting, but it is not necessarily a typical behavior for a 4-year-old child.

Choice B: Drawing a picture of oneself with facial features is a more advanced skill and may be seen in older preschool-aged children. It is not a typical behavior for a 4- year-old.

Choice C: Talking to an imaginary friend is a normal and developmentally appropriate behavior for a 4-year-old child. Imaginary friends can provide comfort and companionship during times of stress or change.

Choice D: Ignoring other children in the play area may be a sign of shyness or introverted behavior but is not necessarily indicative of normal behavior for a 4-year-old. Social interaction with peers can vary widely among children.

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Which pathology of autonomic cardiac regulation is mediated by sympathetic innervation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is performing a nutritional assessment on a client who is professional dancer. Which issue reported by the client should alert the nurse to perform further assessment?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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