Which pathology of autonomic cardiac regulation is mediated by sympathetic innervation?
Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate.
Sympathetic activation boosts K+ efflux and increases the inotropic effect.
Sympathetic activation decreases dromotrophy by lowering conduction speed.
Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation reduces pacemaker firing.’
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A: Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate is a manifestation of sympathetic innervation. Sympathetic activation leads to the release of norepinephrine, which enhances the influx of calcium ions (Ca+) into cardiac muscle cells, resulting in increased contractility and heart rate.
Choice B: Sympathetic activation does increase the inotropic effect (contractility) of the heart, but it is primarily mediated by the increased influx of calcium ions (Ca+).
Choice C: Sympathetic activation does not decrease dromotrophy (conduction speed). Instead, it can increase the conduction speed through the cardiac conduction system.
Choice D: Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation does not reduce pacemaker firing; instead, it contributes to the enhanced excitability and automaticity of cardiac cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: Taking a prescribed analgesic an hour prior to breastfeeding can help alleviate the client's intense cramping while breastfeeding. This approach can provide effective pain relief.
Choice B: Changing the infant's position during the next feeding may or may not address the underlying cause of the client's intense cramping. Pain relief through medication is a more direct intervention.
Choice C: Drinking water before breastfeeding is important for hydration but may not directly address the cramping issue.
Choice D: Voiding and emptying the bladder before each feeding is a routine practice but is not specifically aimed at relieving cramping during breastfeeding.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: Keeping a record of food and drinks consumed daily, often referred to as food journaling or keeping a food diary, is a recommended initial approach to a weight loss plan. It helps clients become aware of their eating habits and can assist in identifying areas where dietary changes may be needed.
Choice B: Participating in a group exercise class 3 times a week is a beneficial component of a weight loss plan, but it is not specifically related to the initial approach to weight loss.
Choice C: Engaging in strenuous activity for an hour daily can be part of a weight loss plan, but it may not be the initial approach for everyone, especially if the client is not currently physically active. The initial approach often involves dietary changes and gradually increasing physical activity.
Choice D: Planning low carbohydrate and high protein meals can be a dietary strategy for weight loss, but it may not be the initial approach for all clients. Dietary recommendations should be individualized based on the client's preferences and needs.
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