Which pathology of autonomic cardiac regulation is mediated by sympathetic innervation?

Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate.

Sympathetic activation boosts K+ efflux and increases the inotropic effect.

Sympathetic activation decreases dromotrophy by lowering conduction speed.

Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation reduces pacemaker firing.’

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A: Increased Ca+ influx with sympathetic stimulation that raises the heart rate is a manifestation of sympathetic innervation. Sympathetic activation leads to the release of norepinephrine, which enhances the influx of calcium ions (Ca+) into cardiac muscle cells, resulting in increased contractility and heart rate.

Choice B: Sympathetic activation does increase the inotropic effect (contractility) of the heart, but it is primarily mediated by the increased influx of calcium ions (Ca+).

Choice C: Sympathetic activation does not decrease dromotrophy (conduction speed). Instead, it can increase the conduction speed through the cardiac conduction system.

Choice D: Increased Na+ influx with sympathetic stimulation does not reduce pacemaker firing; instead, it contributes to the enhanced excitability and automaticity of cardiac cells.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Referring the client to a dietitian for nutrition education is a proactive step. Dietitians can provide personalized guidance and address the client's dietary concerns and preferences. However, this alone may not be sufficient if the client is strongly resistant to dietary changes.

Choice B rationale: Providing pamphlets about heart-healthy diet selections is informative but may not effectively address the client's resistance to dietary changes. The client's reluctance needs to be explored and addressed through a more interactive approach.

Choice C rationale: While exercise is important for heart health, the primary concern here is the client's elevated cholesterol levels, which are significantly impacted by dietary choices. Suggesting exercise alone may not adequately address the issue at hand.

Choice D rationale: Discussing the client's concerns about the change in diet is the most appropriate initial action. It allows the nurse to understand the client's perspective, identify barriers to compliance, and work collaboratively with the client to develop a plan that considers his preferences and challenges. This approach is more likely to lead to a successful change in diet and lifestyle compared to simply providing information or referrals.

A. Praise the client for the successful weight loss using the natural herbs. B. Tell the client to schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider. C. Advise the client to begin taking a multivitamin daily. D. Document the client's reason for using the herb.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A: Praising the client for weight loss without knowing the underlying cause may not be appropriate. Rapid and unexplained weight loss can be a sign of underlying health issues.

Choice B: Advising the client to schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider is the most appropriate action. Rapid and unexplained weight loss should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to identify any potential underlying health concerns.

Choice C: Advising the client to begin taking a multivitamin daily does not address the underlying cause of the weight loss and may not be the most appropriate action.

Choice D: Documenting the client's reason for using the herb is important but should be accompanied by further evaluation and intervention by a healthcare provider due to the significant weight loss.

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Which pathology of autonomic cardiac regulation is mediated by sympathetic innervation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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