Which phase of pharmacokinetics involves the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the bloodstream?

Choice A reason: Limit caffeine intake is not an instruction that the nurse should provide to the client who has asthma and a new prescription for inhaled fluticasone. Fluticasone is a medication that reduces inflammation and swelling in the airways, which can improve breathing and prevent asthma attacks. Fluticasone does not interact with caffeine or affect the heart rate or blood pressure. Caffeine is a stimulant that can cause nervousness, insomnia, or palpitations in some people, but it does not worsen asthma symptoms or interfere with fluticasone therapy. The nurse should advise the client to consume caffeine in moderation and avoid it before bedtime.

Choice B reason: Take the medication with meals is not an instruction that the nurse should provide to the client who has asthma and a new prescription for inhaled fluticasone. Fluticasone is a medication that reduces inflammation and swelling in the airways, which can improve breathing and prevent asthma attacks. Fluticasone is administered by inhalation, not by mouth, and it does not affect the digestion or absorption of food. The nurse should instruct the client to use the inhaler as prescribed, usually twice a day, regardless of the mealtimes.

Choice C reason: Rinse the mouth after administration is an instruction that the nurse should provide to the client who has asthma and a new prescription for inhaled fluticasone. Fluticasone is a medication that reduces inflammation and swelling in the airways, which can improve breathing and prevent asthma attacks. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid, which can cause side effects such as oral thrush, hoarseness, or sore throat if it remains in the mouth after inhalation. The nurse should instruct the client to rinse the mouth with water and spit it out after each dose of fluticasone to prevent these side effects. The nurse should also teach the client how to use the inhaler properly and check the inhaler technique regularly.

Choice D reason: Check the pulse after medication administration is not an instruction that the nurse should provide to the client who has asthma and a new prescription for inhaled fluticasone. Fluticasone is a medication that reduces inflammation and swelling in the airways, which can improve breathing and prevent asthma attacks. Fluticasone does not affect the heart rate or blood pressure, and it is not a rescue medication that should be used for acute asthma symptoms. The nurse should monitor the respiratory rate and the oxygen saturation of the client after administering fluticasone and advise the client to use a short acting bronchodilator, such as albuterol, for quick relief of wheezing or shortness of breath.

Choice A reason: Serum potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L is above the normal range of 3.55.0 mEq/L, but it is not a concern for the client taking Lasix, which is a medication that increases the urine output and lowers the blood pressure by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidney. Lasix can also cause the loss of potassium in the urine, which can lead to hypokalemia, a condition that causes muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, or cardiac arrest. The nurse should monitor the serum potassium level and administer potassium supplements or potassium sparing diuretics as prescribed to prevent hypokalemia.

Choice B reason: Blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg is slightly above the normal range of 120/80 mmHg, but it is not a concern for the client taking Lasix, which is a medication that increases the urine output and lowers the blood pressure by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidney. Lasix can reduce the fluid volume and the peripheral resistance, which can lower the blood pressure and prevent or treat hypertension, edema, or heart failure. The nurse should monitor the blood pressure regularly and adjust the dose of Lasix as prescribed to maintain a normal blood pressure.

Choice C reason: Serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L is below the normal range of 3.55.0 mEq/L, and it is a concern for the client taking Lasix, which is a medication that increases the urine output and lowers the blood pressure by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidney. Lasix can also cause the loss of potassium in the urine, which can lead to hypokalemia, a condition that causes muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, or cardiac arrest. The nurse should notify the health care provider immediately and prepare to administer interventions such as potassium supplements or potassium sparing diuretics to correct hypokalemia.

Choice D reason: Serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L is within the normal range of 135145 mEq/L, and it is not a concern for the client taking Lasix, which is a medication that increases the urine output and lowers the blood pressure by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidney. Lasix can cause the loss of sodium in the urine, which can lead to hyponatremia, a condition that causes confusion, seizures, coma, or death. The nurse should monitor the serum sodium level and administer sodium supplements or fluids as prescribed to prevent hyponatremia.