Which presumptive sign (felt by the woman) or probable sign (observed by the examiner) of pregnancy is not matched with another possible cause?

Quickening: Gas, peristalsis

Chadwick sign: Pelvic congestion

Amenorrhea: Stress, endocrine problems

Goodell sign: Cervical polyps

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Quickening is the first perception of fetal movement by the pregnant woman, usually felt between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation. However, quickening can also be confused with gas or peristalsis, which are normal digestive processes that cause sensations in the abdomen.

Choice B reason: Chadwick sign is a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva due to increased blood flow during pregnancy. It can be observed by the examiner as early as 6 weeks of gestation. However, Chadwick sign can also be caused by pelvic congestion, which is a chronic condition of enlarged and dilated veins in the pelvis².

Choice C reason: Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods, which is one of the most common signs of pregnancy. However, amenorrhea can also be caused by stress, endocrine problems, or other factors that affect the hormonal balance and ovulation.

Choice D reason: Goodell sign is the softening of the cervix due to increased vascularity and edema during pregnancy. It can be palpated by the examiner around 6 to 8 weeks of gestation. Goodell sign is not associated with any other condition besides pregnancy, unlike cervical polyps, which are benign growths of the cervical tissue that can cause bleeding or discharge.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: A miscarriage is defined as a spontaneous abortion of a fetus before the 20th week of gestation. It is a natural pregnancy loss that occurs before labor begins and is usually caused by chromosomal abnormalities, infections, or maternal health problems.

Choice B reason: A miscarriage is not often attributed to careless maternal behavior such as poor nutrition or excessive exercise. These factors may affect the quality of life of the mother and the fetus, but they are not the main causes of miscarriage. Most miscarriages are not preventable and are not the fault of the mother.

Choice C reason: A miscarriage that occurs before the 12th week of pregnancy may manifest only as moderate discomfort and blood loss, but this is not always the case. Some women may experience severe cramping, bleeding, and tissue passing from the vagina. Others may have no symptoms at all and only discover the miscarriage during a routine ultrasound.

Choice D reason: A miscarriage occurs in more than 5% of all clinically recognized pregnancies. The actual rate of miscarriage is estimated to be 10% to 20%, but many women may not realize they are pregnant or may not report the loss to their health care provider.

A. Hypoinsulinemia B. Hypercalcemia C. Hypobilirubinemia D. Hypoglycemia E. None of the above

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hypoinsulinemia is not a major neonatal complication of the infant of a diabetic mother. It is a condition of low insulin levels in the blood, which can cause hyperglycemia.

Choice B reason: Hypercalcemia is not a major neonatal complication of the infant of a diabetic mother. It is a condition of high calcium levels in the blood, which can cause muscle weakness, confusion, and kidney stones.

Choice C reason: Hypobilirubinemia is not a major neonatal complication of the infant of a diabetic mother. It is a condition of low bilirubin levels in the blood, which can cause pale skin and eyes.

Choice D reason: Hypoglycemia is a major neonatal complication of the infant of a diabetic mother. It is a condition of low blood sugar levels, which can cause seizures, lethargy, and brain damage.

Choice E reason: None of the above is not a correct answer. There is one major neonatal complication of the infant of a diabetic mother, which is hypoglycemia.

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Which presumptive sign (felt by the woman) or probable sign (observed by the examiner) of pregnancy is not matched with another possible cause?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

As related to the care of the patient with miscarriage, nurses should be aware that:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which major neonatal complication is carefully monitored after the birth of the infant of a diabetic mother?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates understanding of the nurse's instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is:

The maternity nurse understands that vascular volume increases 40% to 45% during pregnancy to: