Which process leads to the development of a hypertensive crisis?
Activation of platelets
Activation of coagulation mediators
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system
Activation of rapid cell proliferation
The Correct Answer is C
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. When blood pressure is low, the kidneys secrete renin, which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is then converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which increases sodium and water retention and further raises blood pressure. When the RAS is overactivated, it can lead to a hypertensive crisis, which is a severe elevation of blood pressure that can damage organs and cause stroke, heart attack, or kidney failure.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono or the kissing disease, is an upper respiratory tract infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a member of the herpesvirus family and can be transmitted through saliva or blood. The infection typically affects the lymph nodes, tonsils, and pharynx, causing symptoms such as fever, sore throat, swollen glands, and fatigue. The infection usually resolves on its own within a few weeks, but some people may experience complications such as splenomegaly, hepatitis, or neurological disorders. The diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis can be confirmed by a blood test that detects antibodies to EBV or by a mono-spot test that detects heterophile antibodies. A patient has been diagnosed with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.
Rationale: Hypoventilation is a condition where the breathing rate is too slow or shallow, resulting in insufficient removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. CO2 reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Therefore, when CO2 accumulates in the blood due to hypoventilation, more H2CO3 is formed, which lowers the blood's pH by increasing the concentration of H+ and HCO3-.
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