Which statement by a patient who was recently diagnosed with cancer indicates an understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer?

"My cancer is probably caused by a disorder in my hematological system."

"My cancer is probably caused by a disorder of my endocrine system."

"My cancer is probably caused by a disorder of my immune system."

"My cancer is probably caused by a disorder on my gastrointestinal system."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Hematological disorders can influence the development of certain cancers (such as leukemia), but it is not a general cause of most cancers.
B. Endocrine system disorders can sometimes contribute to hormone-driven cancers (e.g., breast or prostate cancer), but it is not the primary cause of all cancers.
C. Immune system dysfunction can lead to an increased risk of cancer. The immune system is responsible for identifying and destroying abnormal cells, so when the immune system is compromised (e.g., by immunosuppression), cancer can develop more easily.
D. Gastrointestinal system disorders may contribute to cancers of the digestive tract (e.g., colon cancer), but the statement does not reflect the broader pathogenesis of cancer, which involves complex genetic and cellular mutations.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps individuals with prolonged grief disorder address negative thought patterns and develop healthier ways of coping with loss, ultimately helping them adjust and live with the grief.
B. CBT does not focus on answering specific questions about why the death occurred but rather on processing emotions and learning coping strategies.
C. CBT does not focus on the medical treatment process but rather on the grieving process and emotional healing.
D. While funeral arrangements may be necessary, CBT addresses emotional coping rather than the practical aspects of death like planning ceremonies or logistics.

A. HIV infection B. Prion disease C. Lewy body disease D. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. HIV infection can cause dementia, but it typically presents with apathy, social withdrawal, and motor dysfunction—not parkinsonian features with fluctuating cognition.
B. Prion disease (such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) presents with rapid progression of dementia, myoclonus, and ataxia, but not typically with parkinsonian features or fluctuating cognition.
C. Lewy body disease is characterized by fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, and parkinsonian motor symptoms. These features strongly suggest dementia with Lewy bodies, especially in the context of stroke or neurodegenerative changes.
D. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration primarily affects behavior, personality, and language. Parkinsonian symptoms and fluctuating cognition are not hallmark features.

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Which statement by a patient who was recently diagnosed with cancer indicates an understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who was diagnosed with prolonged grief disorder about the importance of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has experienced a stroke and exhibits parkinsonian effects. The client's cognition fluctuates. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect the client to have?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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