The nurse is teaching a group of young adults regarding nonmodifiable risk factors for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which attendee statement indicates a need for further instruction? (Select all that apply.)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus can be passed on from one recessive gene from one parent

"There are genes such as the HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 genes that can cause type 1 diabetes mellitus

"I can develop type 1 diabetes mellitus from bacterial infections.

"Type 1 diabetes mellitus can be caused by exposure to excessive heat and temperatures."

"Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by exposure to processing of metals and proteins."

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A. Type 1 diabetes is not caused by a single recessive gene. It has a genetic component but typically involves multiple genes, with HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 being associated with increased risk, and is often triggered by autoimmune reactions.
B. The HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 genes are associated with an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes, as it is an autoimmune condition that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
C. While infections (including viral infections) can sometimes trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes, bacterial infections themselves do not cause the condition. It is autoimmune in nature, where the body attacks its insulin-producing cells.
D. Excessive heat and temperatures do not cause type 1 diabetes. The condition is driven by genetic and autoimmune factors, not environmental ones like heat.
E. Exposure to processing of metals and proteins does not cause type 1 diabetes. The disease is primarily associated with genetic predisposition and autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Keeping blood sugar above 180 mg/dL increases the risk of long-term complications, including diabetic nephropathy. Good glycemic control is essential to prevent kidney damage.
B. Smokeless tobacco still contains harmful substances and does not reduce the risk of kidney damage; in fact, smoking in any form increases the risk.
C. While yearly eye exams are important for detecting diabetic retinopathy, they are not specific to preventing nephropathy.
D. Controlling blood pressure is crucial in preventing diabetic nephropathy, and reducing sodium intake is an effective strategy to manage blood pressure.

A. Allow the immune system to kill cancer cells B. Eradicate all cancer cells C. Shrine tumor D. Improve wound healing

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While the immune system may help in attacking cancer cells, chemotherapy is not given before surgery specifically to assist the immune system.
B. Eradicating all cancer cells is the ultimate goal of cancer treatment, but chemotherapy before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) is not guaranteed to eliminate all cancer cells.
C. Shrink tumor is the correct answer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is administered before surgery to reduce the size of the tumor, making it easier to remove surgically and potentially allowing for less extensive surgery.
D. Chemotherapy does not improve wound healing; in fact, it can sometimes impair the body’s ability to heal due to its effects on rapidly dividing cells, including those involved in tissue repair.

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The nurse is teaching a group of young adults regarding nonmodifiable risk factors for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which attendee statement indicates a need for further instruction? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is teaching a 60-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus how to prevent diabetic nephropathy. Which statement made by the patient indicates that teaching has been successful?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

During a treatment meeting in an oncology unit, the nurse learns that a patient is scheduled for chemotherapy before surgery. What are the purposes for this patient to receive chemotherapy at this specific time?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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