The nurse is teaching a group of young adults regarding nonmodifiable risk factors for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which attendee statement indicates a need for further instruction? (Select all that apply.)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus can be passed on from one recessive gene from one parent

"There are genes such as the HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 genes that can cause type 1 diabetes mellitus

"I can develop type 1 diabetes mellitus from bacterial infections.

"Type 1 diabetes mellitus can be caused by exposure to excessive heat and temperatures."

"Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by exposure to processing of metals and proteins."

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A. Type 1 diabetes is not caused by a single recessive gene. It has a genetic component but typically involves multiple genes, with HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 being associated with increased risk, and is often triggered by autoimmune reactions.
B. The HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 genes are associated with an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes, as it is an autoimmune condition that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
C. While infections (including viral infections) can sometimes trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes, bacterial infections themselves do not cause the condition. It is autoimmune in nature, where the body attacks its insulin-producing cells.
D. Excessive heat and temperatures do not cause type 1 diabetes. The condition is driven by genetic and autoimmune factors, not environmental ones like heat.
E. Exposure to processing of metals and proteins does not cause type 1 diabetes. The disease is primarily associated with genetic predisposition and autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Delirium due to cardiac medications is a possibility, but the patient’s history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) makes vascular neurocognitive disorder more likely. Delirium typically presents acutely and is often associated with medical or environmental triggers.
B. Vascular neurocognitive disorder (formerly vascular dementia) is often seen in clients with a history of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). The client’s symptoms of memory problems, confusion, and disorientation could indicate this type of cognitive impairment, which is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain due to vascular damage.
C. Neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington's disease typically presents with movement disorders (chorea), mood changes, and gradual cognitive decline, rather than sudden memory loss and disorientation.
D. Alzheimer’s disease typically presents with gradual memory decline and cognitive impairment, but the sudden onset of symptoms in a patient with a history of CVA makes vascular neurocognitive disorder more probable.

A. "I have binged and purged for years without my family or friends knowing" B. "I feel a sense of power by restricting my food intake." C. "only use the laxatives when I am feeling constipated." D. "I feel an emotional high during my binge-purge episodes."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A hallmark characteristic of bulimia nervosa is binge eating followed by purging (through vomiting, laxative use, etc.) to prevent weight gain. The client’s statement indicates secretive behavior, which is typical for individuals with bulimia nervosa.
B. The statement "I feel a sense of power by restricting my food intake" is more indicative of anorexia nervosa, where the focus is on restricting food to maintain extreme weight loss.
C. Using laxatives only when constipated is not specific to bulimia nervosa, as this disorder often involves excessive purging (including laxative abuse) during binge episodes.
D. The feeling of "emotional high" during binge episodes is more often related to binge eating disorder than bulimia nervosa, which tends to have a focus on shame and guilt after purging.

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The nurse is teaching a group of young adults regarding nonmodifiable risk factors for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which attendee statement indicates a need for further instruction? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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