What are two of the mechanisms from which a clot or thrombus arises and causes ischemic stroke?

Choose two answers

A. Exposure to diesel exhaust: This is unrelated to nephrolithiasis.

B. Atherosclerosis: This relates to cardiovascular disease, not kidney stones.

C. High-sodium diet increases calcium excretion in the urine, which can contribute to the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones, a common form of nephrolithiasis.

D. Obesity is a known risk factor for nephrolithiasis. It can lead to changes in urine composition that favor stone formation.

E. Radiotherapy to the pelvis: While radiotherapy can affect surrounding tissues, it is not a direct cause of nephrolithiasis.

F. Long-term urinary catheter: This is more related to infections and bladder stones rather than kidney stones.

A. Celiac disease: This is an autoimmune disorder unrelated to peptic ulcer disease.

B. Penetration of the gastric wall: A severe complication of peptic ulcer disease is the penetration of the ulcer through the gastric or duodenal wall into adjacent organs, leading to further inflammation and damage.

C. Hepatorenal syndrome: This is a severe complication of liver disease, not peptic ulcer disease.

D. Persistent bleeding: Peptic ulcers can cause persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding, which can lead to anemia or require emergency medical intervention.

E. Inflammatory bowel disease: This is a separate condition that includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

F. Iron overload: This condition is unrelated to peptic ulcer disease and more associated with genetic disorders like hemochromatosis.