Which statement concerning the areas of the brain is true?

The cerebellum is the center for speech and emotions

The hypothalamus controls body temperature and regulates sleep

Motor pathways of the spinal cord and brainstem synapse in the thalamus

The basal ganglia are responsible for controlling voluntary movements

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: The cerebellum coordinates motor activity and balance, not speech or emotions. Speech is primarily managed by the cerebral cortex (e.g., Broca’s area), and emotions involve the limbic system, making this statement incorrect.

Choice B reason: The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, sleep, hunger, and hormonal functions via its connections to the autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland. This makes it critical for homeostasis, and the statement is accurate, reflecting its physiological roles.

Choice C reason: Motor pathways from the cortex and brainstem do not primarily synapse in the thalamus. The thalamus relays sensory and some motor signals, but motor pathways mainly synapse in the spinal cord or brainstem, making this statement incorrect.

Choice D reason: The basal ganglia modulate voluntary movements but do not directly control them. The primary motor cortex initiates voluntary movements, while the basal ganglia refine them, so this statement is inaccurate due to its oversimplification.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: The right 5th intercostal space at the sternal border is near the tricuspid valve, where murmurs from tricuspid regurgitation or stenosis are typically heard. Aortic valve stenosis murmurs, caused by turbulent flow through a narrowed aortic valve, are not prominent here, making this an incorrect assessment site.

Choice B reason: The right 2nd intercostal space at the sternal border is the aortic area, ideal for auscultating aortic valve stenosis murmurs. These murmurs are harsh, crescendo-decrescendo, and systolic, radiating to the carotid arteries due to turbulent blood flow through the stenosed aortic valve, making this the correct site.

Choice C reason: The left 5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line is the mitral valve area, where mitral regurgitation or stenosis murmurs are heard. Aortic valve stenosis murmurs originate from the aortic root and are not best detected here, rendering this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: The left 2nd intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line is near the pulmonic valve, where pulmonic stenosis murmurs are auscultated. Aortic valve stenosis murmurs are not prominent in this area, as they are specific to the aortic region, making this an incorrect choice.

A. Bronchophony B. Rhonchi C. Wheezes D. Crackles

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Bronchophony is a voice sound test, not an adventitious breath sound, and is unrelated to narrowed bronchioles in asthma. Wheezes are caused by air through constricted airways, making this incorrect for the described sound.

Choice B reason: Rhonchi are low-pitched sounds from mucus in larger airways, not typical in acute asthma’s narrowed bronchioles. Wheezes, high-pitched sounds from constriction, are characteristic, so this is not the correct adventitious sound.

Choice C reason: Wheezes are high-pitched, musical sounds produced by air passing through narrowed bronchioles, common in severe asthma due to bronchoconstriction. This matches the patient’s condition, making it the correct adventitious sound to expect.

Choice D reason: Crackles are fine or coarse sounds from fluid in alveoli, typical in conditions like pneumonia, not asthma’s airway narrowing. Wheezes are asthma-specific, so this is incorrect for the expected breath sound.

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Which statement concerning the areas of the brain is true?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which area would the nurse assess for a murmur due to aortic valve stenosis?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is listening to the breath sounds of a patient with severe asthma. Air passing through narrowed bronchioles would produce which of these adventitious sounds?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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