Which statement concerning the areas of the brain is true?
The cerebellum is the center for speech and emotions
The hypothalamus controls body temperature and regulates sleep
Motor pathways of the spinal cord and brainstem synapse in the thalamus
The basal ganglia are responsible for controlling voluntary movements
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: The cerebellum coordinates motor activity and balance, not speech or emotions. Speech is primarily managed by the cerebral cortex (e.g., Broca’s area), and emotions involve the limbic system, making this statement incorrect.
Choice B reason: The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, sleep, hunger, and hormonal functions via its connections to the autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland. This makes it critical for homeostasis, and the statement is accurate, reflecting its physiological roles.
Choice C reason: Motor pathways from the cortex and brainstem do not primarily synapse in the thalamus. The thalamus relays sensory and some motor signals, but motor pathways mainly synapse in the spinal cord or brainstem, making this statement incorrect.
Choice D reason: The basal ganglia modulate voluntary movements but do not directly control them. The primary motor cortex initiates voluntary movements, while the basal ganglia refine them, so this statement is inaccurate due to its oversimplification.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: A complete physical exam is comprehensive but not specific to initial nutritional screening. Height and weight history provide BMI, a quick nutritional indicator, so this is not the first assessment.
Choice B reason: Height and weight history are critical for initial nutritional screening, enabling BMI calculation to assess undernutrition or obesity. This is a standard, quick method, making it the correct first step.
Choice C reason: Calorie counting is detailed and time-consuming, unsuitable for initial screening. Height and weight offer a rapid baseline for nutritional status, so this is incorrect for the first step.
Choice D reason: Leg circumference may assess muscle mass but is not standard for initial nutritional screening. Height and weight are primary for BMI, so this is incorrect for the initial assessment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Checking the ophthalmoscope’s light source is unnecessary unless the device malfunctions. The red glow is a normal finding, reflecting light off the retina’s blood vessels, not indicating equipment issues, making this an inappropriate action.
Choice B reason: The red glow, or red reflex, is a normal finding during ophthalmoscopy, caused by light reflecting off the vascular retina. It indicates a clear optical pathway, ruling out opacities like cataracts, making this the correct action to document as normal.
Choice C reason: An opacity in the lens or cornea (e.g., cataract or corneal scar) would block the red reflex, causing a dark or absent glow. The presence of a red glow indicates a clear media, making this suspicion incorrect.
Choice D reason: Stopping the exam and referring the patient is unwarranted, as the red glow is a normal finding. Referral is only needed for abnormal findings like absent reflex or opacities, making this an unnecessary and incorrect action.
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