Which statement is accurate regarding methylxanthine (Theophylline)?

Is a first-line drug currently to treat COPD

Is considered toxic if theophylline levels are between 5-15 mcg/mL

Has less major side effects than beta-agonists and glucocorticoids

Has potential to cause central nervous system side effects, especially if levels are elevated

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Is a first-line drug currently to treat COPD

Methylxanthines are not considered first-line drugs for the treatment of COPD. They are often reserved for use when other bronchodilators (such as beta-agonists and anticholinergics) are not effective or well-tolerated.

B. Is considered toxic if theophylline levels are between 5-15 mcg/mL

The therapeutic range for theophylline levels is generally considered to be lower, typically 5-15 mcg/mL. However, toxicity can occur at levels above the therapeutic range, and symptoms can vary between individuals.

C. Has fewer major side effects than beta-agonists and glucocorticoids

Methylxanthines can have side effects, and their use is associated with a risk of toxicity. Beta-agonists and glucocorticoids are often preferred as first-line treatments due to their efficacy and a more favorable side effect profile.

D. Has the potential to cause central nervous system side effects, especially if levels are elevated

Methylxanthines, such as theophylline, are bronchodilators that can be used in the treatment of respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, they have a narrow therapeutic window, and elevated levels can lead to toxicity. Central nervous system side effects, such as restlessness, insomnia, and seizures, can occur with elevated theophylline levels.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva)

Tiotropium bromide is a long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator used for maintenance therapy in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is not indicated for the immediate relief of acute asthma symptoms.

B. Montelukast (Singulair)

Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for maintenance therapy in asthma. It is not a rescue medication and does not provide immediate relief during an acute asthma attack.

C. Albuterol (Proventil)

In the case of an acute asthma attack, the nurse should prepare to administer a short-acting bronchodilator. Albuterol (Proventil) is a short-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator that provides rapid relief of bronchoconstriction and acute symptoms during an asthma attack.

D. Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent used to help loosen and thin mucus in the airways. It is not indicated for the immediate relief of bronchoconstriction during an acute asthma attack.

A. Chest Xrays B. Echocardiogram C. Pulmonary function tests D. Cardiac catherization

Correct Answer is ["C"]

Explanation

A. Remove the intravenous catheter.

While removing the intravenous catheter is an important step, the immediate priority in cases of extravasation is to stop the infusion to prevent further leakage into the surrounding tissues. After stopping the infusion, the catheter can be carefully removed.

B. Pack the intravenous site with ice.

Cold compresses or ice packs are sometimes used in the management of certain types of extravasation to help reduce local swelling and vasoconstriction. However, the immediate priority is to stop the infusion (Choice C). After that, specific interventions, such as warm or cold compresses, may be employed based on the specific chemotherapy agent involved.

C. Stop the intravenous infusion.

This is the correct answer. Stopping the infusion is the first and most immediate action to prevent further leakage of the chemotherapy drug into the surrounding tissues, reducing the risk of tissue damage and adverse effects.

D. Attempt to aspirate residual medication from the patient’s vein.

While aspirating residual medication may be part of the overall management of extravasation, it is not the first action. The priority is to stop the infusion to prevent further damage. After stopping the infusion, the nurse may assess the situation and determine whether aspirating residual medication is appropriate.

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Which statement is accurate regarding methylxanthine (Theophylline)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A home care nurse is visiting a client with asthma who suddenly experiences an acute asthma attack. Which drug should the nurse prepare to administer?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Many patients who are undergoing chemotherapy treatment require both invasive and noninvasive tests to be conducted to rule out, or monitor, organ toxicities. Please select which routine tests are considered noninvasive: (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["C"]

Explanation

Which statement is accurate regarding methylxanthine (Theophylline)?

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