Which statement regarding the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system is correct?
Carbon dioxide levels are higher in the alveoli during inhalation.
Alveoli collapse during the inhalation cycle.
Oxygen moves from the alveoli to the capillaries.
Exhaling carbon dioxide requires effort.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
During inhalation, carbon dioxide levels are lower in the alveoli due to the exchange of gases. The higher concentration of carbon dioxide is found in the blood, which diffuses into the alveoli for elimination during exhalation.
Choice B rationale:
Alveoli do not collapse during the inhalation cycle. Surfactant, a substance produced by type II alveolar cells, reduces surface tension and prevents alveoli from collapsing, ensuring efficient gas exchange.
Choice C rationale:
Oxygen moves from the alveoli to the capillaries, while carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries to the alveoli. This exchange of gases occurs due to differences in partial pressures, facilitating the uptake of oxygen by red blood cells and the removal of carbon dioxide from the body.
Choice D rationale:
Exhaling carbon dioxide is a passive process that does not require significant effort. The respiratory muscles relax during exhalation, allowing the lungs to passively expel carbon dioxide from the body as a waste product of metabolism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Avoiding assisting a restless patient to walk does not address the issue of patient confusion and the risk of falling. Restless patients might need assistance, and refusing to help them walk could lead to further complications or falls.
Choice B rationale:
Discouraging the family from staying with the patient does not promote patient safety. Family members can provide additional support and supervision, reducing the risk of falls for a confused patient.
Choice C rationale:
Moving the patient farther away from the nurses' station does not address the patient's confusion or the risk of falling. It might even increase the response time in case of an emergency.
Choice D rationale:
Asking the family about the patient's preferences for movies or music and offering these activities is an appropriate way to engage the patient without resorting to restraints. Providing stimulating and enjoyable activities can help distract and calm the patient, reducing restlessness and the risk of falls.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Extension refers to the straightening of a joint and is the opposite of flexion. It is not the correct term for the described hand movement.
Choice B rationale:
Abduction is the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. It does not describe the specific movement of the patient's hand toward the inner aspect of the forearm.
Choice C rationale:
Flexion is the bending of a joint, decreasing the angle between two body parts. When the nurse moves the patient's hand toward the inner aspect of the forearm, it is a flexion movement of the wrist.
Choice D rationale:
Adduction is the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body. It is not the correct term for the described hand movement.
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