Which three nursing interventions can be used to prevent the spread of infection?
Properly cleaning all reusable equipment once each day.
Appropriately using PPE.
Ensuring all environmental surfaces are properly cleaned, disinfected, and maintained.
Avoiding all invasive interventions.
Performing hand washing or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before and after patient contact or procedures.
Correct Answer : B,C,E
Choice A: Properly cleaning all reusable equipment once each day
While cleaning reusable equipment is important, it should be done after each use, not just once a day. This ensures that any potential pathogens are removed before the equipment is used on another patient, thereby preventing cross-contamination.
Choice B: Appropriately using PPE
This is a correct answer. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks, gowns, and eye protection are essential in preventing the spread of infection. Proper use of PPE helps protect both healthcare workers and patients from exposure to infectious agents.
Choice C: Ensuring all environmental surfaces are properly cleaned, disinfected, and maintained
This is another correct answer. Regular cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces, such as bed rails, doorknobs, and medical equipment, are crucial in preventing the spread of infections. Maintaining a clean environment reduces the risk of healthcare-associated infections.
Choice D: Avoiding all invasive interventions
Avoiding invasive interventions is not a practical or realistic approach to preventing infections. While minimizing unnecessary invasive procedures can reduce infection risk, many invasive interventions are necessary for patient care. Instead, proper aseptic techniques should be used during these procedures to prevent infections.
Choice E: Performing hand washing or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before and after patient contact or procedures
This is also a correct answer. Hand hygiene is one of the most effective measures to prevent the spread of infections. Washing hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before and after patient contact or procedures significantly reduces the transmission of pathogens.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Apply wrist restraints to secure IV lines
Applying wrist restraints to secure IV lines should not be the first action. Restraints are generally considered a last resort due to their potential to cause harm and distress. They should only be used when absolutely necessary and after other interventions have failed. In this scenario, the patient’s agitation and confusion could be due to hypoxia, and addressing the underlying cause is more important than immediately resorting to restraints.
Choice B: Administer the prescribed opioid
Administering the prescribed opioid is not the first action to take. While pain management is crucial, opioids can sometimes exacerbate confusion and agitation, especially in the immediate postoperative period. It is essential to first assess the patient’s vital signs and oxygen levels to rule out hypoxia or other complications before administering any medication.
Choice C: Take the blood pressure and pulse
Taking the blood pressure and pulse is important but not the immediate first action. While these vital signs provide critical information about the patient’s cardiovascular status, checking the oxygen saturation is more urgent in this context. Hypoxia can lead to agitation and confusion, and addressing it promptly can stabilize the patient more effectively.
Choice D: Check the oxygen (O2) saturation
Checking the oxygen (O2) saturation should be the first action. Hypoxia is a common cause of postoperative agitation and confusion. By assessing the patient’s oxygen levels, the nurse can quickly determine if supplemental oxygen is needed, which can help alleviate the patient’s symptoms and prevent further complications. Ensuring adequate oxygenation is a priority in the immediate postoperative period.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: True
Chemotherapy drugs work by targeting rapidly dividing cells, a characteristic of cancer cells. However, they cannot selectively distinguish between cancer cells and normal cells that also divide rapidly, such as those in the bone marrow, digestive tract, and hair follicles. This lack of selectivity leads to the common side effects of chemotherapy, such as hair loss, nausea, and decreased blood cell counts. The inability to differentiate between normal and cancer cells is a significant limitation of traditional chemotherapy.
Choice B: False
This choice is incorrect. If chemotherapy drugs could selectively target only cancer cells, the treatment would have fewer side effects and be more effective. However, the non-selective nature of these drugs means they also damage normal, healthy cells that divide rapidly. This non-selectivity is why patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience a range of side effects, as the treatment impacts both cancerous and healthy cells.
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