Which topic would the nurse include when teaching the patient ways to prevent the recurrence of kidney stones?

Using a filter to strain all urine.

Avoiding dietary sources of calcium.

Choosing diuretic fluids such as coffee.

Drinking 3000 mL of fluid each day.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

Choice A rationale

Using a urine filter ensures the recovery of passed stones for laboratory analysis, assisting in identifying stone composition and tailoring prevention strategies.

Choice B rationale

Calcium intake is essential for bone health and reducing oxalate absorption. Avoiding calcium increases oxalate availability, worsening stone formation.

Choice C rationale

Diuretic fluids like coffee promote dehydration and concentration of urine, increasing the risk of stone recurrence. Diuretics should be prescribed for specific stone types.

Choice D rationale

Maintaining hydration prevents urine concentration and the supersaturation of stone-forming crystals, which are primary risk factors for nephrolithiasis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A bland diet reduces gastric irritation by avoiding substances that stimulate acid secretion or exacerbate nausea. It includes foods like rice, bananas, and toast that are easy to digest and less likely to provoke symptoms of nausea or vomiting.

Choice B rationale

Opposing the bland diet recommendation for severe nausea ignores scientific evidence that supports its use. Providing a diet rich in spices or acidic foods can worsen symptoms by irritating the gastrointestinal tract further. .

A. Administer 25 g of dextrose IVP. B. Administer 1 mg Glucagon IM. C. Hold the insulin and encourage the patient to eat their meal. D. Administer 4 units of Humalog insulin.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Administering dextrose IVP is inappropriate for hyperglycemia. It elevates blood sugar further, risking complications like hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. It is used to treat severe hypoglycemia instead.

Choice B rationale

Glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown into glucose, increasing blood sugar. It is contraindicated in hyperglycemia, as it would aggravate elevated glucose levels. It is a treatment for severe hypoglycemia.

Choice C rationale

Holding insulin allows hyperglycemia to persist, increasing risks of complications like ketoacidosis. Insulin administration is essential to reduce the glucose level safely.

Choice D rationale

Rapid-acting insulin like Humalog reduces hyperglycemia efficiently, bringing preprandial blood glucose closer to the target range of 70-130 mg/dL. Administering 4 units is a reasonable corrective dose based on the blood glucose of 243 mg/dL.

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Which topic would the nurse include when teaching the patient ways to prevent the recurrence of kidney stones?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with intractable or severe nausea and vomiting from an unknown cause should be placed on a bland diet.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The patient's meal has been delivered, the nurse checks the patient's pre-meal blood sugar, and the result is 243 mg/dL. The patient is awake, alert, hungry, and able to swallow.The next step the nurse should take is:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The patient's meal has been delivered, the nurse checks the patient's pre-meal blood sugar, and the result is 243 mg/dL. The patient is awake, alert, hungry, and able to swallow.The next step the nurse should take is:

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