Your patient is experiencing peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly. Which of the following conditions would be consistent with the patient's findings?
Left-sided heart failure
Endocarditis
Myocardial infarction
Right-sided heart failure
The Correct Answer is D
A. Left-sided heart failure primarily leads to pulmonary symptoms, such as shortness of breath and fluid accumulation in the lungs, rather than peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, or ascites.
B. Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves and does not typically cause the combination of peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly.
C. Myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to heart failure, but the specific symptoms of peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly are more characteristic of right-sided heart failure rather than MI alone.
D. Right-sided heart failure causes systemic venous congestion, which leads to peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly due to the backup of blood in the systemic circulation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a deficit of bicarbonate (HCO3) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH (below 7.35). A pH of 7.23 indicates acidosis, and the deficit of HCO3 supports a diagnosis of metabolic acidosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, which lowers pH. It is not associated with a bicarbonate deficit.
C. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of acid, leading to an elevated pH. It is the opposite of metabolic acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by excessive exhalation of CO2, leading to an increase in pH, not a deficit of bicarbonate.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, not formation. Increased osteoclast activity leads to excessive bone breakdown, not enhanced formation.
B. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation. In osteoporosis, osteoblast activity is not increased; rather, it is osteoclast activity that is dysregulated, leading to bone loss.
C. Enhanced bone formation is typically seen in conditions like osteopetrosis or during bone healing. Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance in favor of bone resorption, not formation.
D. Osteoporosis is characterized by increased bone resorption, which is primarily driven by osteoclast activity. This leads to a decrease in bone density and an increased risk of fractures.
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