Which of the following increases the risk for renal calculi?

Dehydration

Sedentary lifestyle

Drinking 32 ounces of milk per day

Running 5 miles

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Dehydration increases the risk of renal calculi (kidney stones) because it leads to concentrated urine, which promotes the formation of stones. When there is insufficient fluid intake, the kidneys cannot dilute substances like calcium and oxalate, which can form crystals and eventually stones.

B. A sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for a variety of health issues, including obesity, but it does not directly increase the risk of kidney stones. Physical inactivity can contribute to weight gain, which in turn may increase the risk of developing stones, but it is not as direct a cause as dehydration.

C. Drinking 32 ounces of milk per day does not directly increase the risk for kidney stones. In fact, moderate calcium intake can help prevent the formation of certain types of kidney stones. However, excessive calcium intake from supplements (rather than food) may increase the risk.

D. Running 5 miles does not increase the risk of kidney stones. In fact, regular physical activity can help prevent the formation of kidney stones by promoting overall health and hydration.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While status asthmaticus is a severe, life-threatening asthma exacerbation, the first step is to stabilize the patient by improving oxygenation and relieving airway obstruction, not immediately calling 911 unless the situation worsens.

B. Intubation is not the first step unless the patient's respiratory status continues to deteriorate despite initial interventions. The focus should be on improving oxygenation and managing the airway.

C. Establishing IV access and administering emergency medications, such as corticosteroids or bronchodilators, may be necessary, but the first priority is to improve the patient's breathing and oxygenation.

D. Placing the patient in a high Fowler's position helps to open the airways and facilitate breathing. Starting oxygen therapy is essential to support oxygenation in a patient with labored breathing. This should be the first intervention.

A. Left-sided heart failure B. Endocarditis C. Myocardial infarction D. Right-sided heart failure

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Left-sided heart failure primarily leads to pulmonary symptoms, such as shortness of breath and fluid accumulation in the lungs, rather than peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, or ascites.

B. Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves and does not typically cause the combination of peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly.

C. Myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to heart failure, but the specific symptoms of peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly are more characteristic of right-sided heart failure rather than MI alone.

D. Right-sided heart failure causes systemic venous congestion, which leads to peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly due to the backup of blood in the systemic circulation.

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Which of the following increases the risk for renal calculi?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient came to the walk-in clinic with extremely labored breathing and a history of asthma that is unresponsive to prescribed inhalers or medications. What would you do first?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Your patient is experiencing peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly. Which of the following conditions would be consistent with the patient's findings?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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