Which of the following increases the risk for renal calculi?
Dehydration
Sedentary lifestyle
Drinking 32 ounces of milk per day
Running 5 miles
The Correct Answer is A
A. Dehydration increases the risk of renal calculi (kidney stones) because it leads to concentrated urine, which promotes the formation of stones. When there is insufficient fluid intake, the kidneys cannot dilute substances like calcium and oxalate, which can form crystals and eventually stones.
B. A sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for a variety of health issues, including obesity, but it does not directly increase the risk of kidney stones. Physical inactivity can contribute to weight gain, which in turn may increase the risk of developing stones, but it is not as direct a cause as dehydration.
C. Drinking 32 ounces of milk per day does not directly increase the risk for kidney stones. In fact, moderate calcium intake can help prevent the formation of certain types of kidney stones. However, excessive calcium intake from supplements (rather than food) may increase the risk.
D. Running 5 miles does not increase the risk of kidney stones. In fact, regular physical activity can help prevent the formation of kidney stones by promoting overall health and hydration.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, not formation. Increased osteoclast activity leads to excessive bone breakdown, not enhanced formation.
B. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation. In osteoporosis, osteoblast activity is not increased; rather, it is osteoclast activity that is dysregulated, leading to bone loss.
C. Enhanced bone formation is typically seen in conditions like osteopetrosis or during bone healing. Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance in favor of bone resorption, not formation.
D. Osteoporosis is characterized by increased bone resorption, which is primarily driven by osteoclast activity. This leads to a decrease in bone density and an increased risk of fractures.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Desmopressin (DDAVP) is the correct treatment for Diabetes insipidus. This medication is a synthetic form of vasopressin, which helps the kidneys to retain water, thereby reducing the symptoms of excessive urination and thirst in individuals with Diabetes insipidus.
B. Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention, not Diabetes insipidus. It increases urine output, which would worsen the condition in patients with Diabetes insipidus.
C. Diuretics are used to increase urine output and are not used in the treatment of Diabetes insipidus, as they could exacerbate dehydration.
D. Corticosteroids are not used to treat Diabetes insipidus. They are typically used to treat inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, but not Diabetes insipidus.
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