The presence of epithelial cells in urinary casts indicates which of the following pathophysiologic conditions?

A. Anorexia is a common manifestation of SIADH due to the effects of hyponatremia (low sodium levels) and fluid retention.

B. Edema of fluid overload is not a typical manifestation of SIADH. While SIADH leads to fluid retention due to excess antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the excess fluid is typically intracellular and does not cause peripheral edema as seen in conditions like heart failure or nephrotic syndrome.

C. Vomiting is a common manifestation of SIADH, often related to the effects of hyponatremia, which can irritate the gastrointestinal system.

D. Nausea is also a common symptom of SIADH due to the imbalance of electrolytes, particularly low sodium levels, which can affect the brain and lead to nausea.

A. When performing hand hygiene, the hands should be held lower than the elbows to allow water to flow downward, preventing the contamination of the forearms.

B. The water temperature should be warm, but not hot, to prevent skin irritation. Extremely hot water is not necessary for effective hand hygiene.

C. Hands and arms should be rubbed together to create friction during hand washing. However, drying should be done with a clean paper towel or air dryer, not by rubbing the hands and arms together.

D. The correct amount of liquid soap for hand hygiene is typically 4 to 5 mL. This is the appropriate amount to ensure effective coverage and cleaning of the hands.