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Ati Med Surg Quiz
Ati Med Surg Quiz
Total Questions : 24
Showing 10 questions Sign up for moreA nurse is teaching a group of clients about risk factors for developing peripheral artery disease. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include in the teaching?
Explanation
A. Rheumatic fever primarily affects the heart valves and is not a risk factor for PAD.
B. Venous thrombosis affects veins, whereas PAD is a disease of arteries.
C. A BMI of 35 (obesity) is a significant risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD) because excess body weight contributes to atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes—all of which impair circulation.
D. Chronic pulmonary disease affects the lungs but does not directly contribute to PAD development.
A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which of the following ECG findings would the nurse expect to observe in a patient with severe hyperkalemia?
Explanation
A. A depressed ST segment is seen in hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.
B. U waves are characteristic of hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.
C. Tall, peaked T waves are a hallmark ECG finding in hyperkalemia, especially when potassium levels exceed 6.0 mEq/L.
D. T wave inversions occur in ischemia, not hyperkalemia.
A nurse is monitoring a client who is on telemetry. Which of the following findings on the ECG strip should the nurse recognize as normal sinus rhythm?
Explanation
A. The P wave should come before the QRS complex in normal sinus rhythm.
B. A PR interval >0.20 seconds suggests first-degree AV block.
C. A QRS duration of 0.06–0.10 seconds is normal and suggests normal conduction through the ventricles.
D. An inverted T wave suggests myocardial ischemia.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Raynaud's phenomena. The nurse will prioritize educating the client about implementing which intervention?
Explanation
A. Avoiding cold exposure is critical because cold can trigger vasospasms of small arteries in the fingers and toes, leading to pain, pallor, cyanosis, and numbness.
B. Stress is a major trigger for Raynaud’s episodes.
C. Loose, warm gloves are recommended; tight gloves can worsen symptoms.
D. Caffeine is a vasoconstrictor and can worsen symptoms.
A nurse is assessing a client who has bradycardia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Explanation
A. Fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia) usually causes tachycardia, not bradycardia.
B. Anxiety increases heart rate due to sympathetic nervous system activation.
C. Fever (elevated temperature) increases heart rate, not decreases it.
D. Lightheadedness occurs due to decreased cardiac output from a slow heart rate.
A nurse is caring for a client due for their dose of carvedilol (Coreg). The nurse completes vital signs prior to administration of the medication. Which vital sign would be an indication to hold the dose scheduled and notify the healthcare provider?
Explanation
A. Carvedilol (Coreg) is a beta-blocker that lowers heart rate and blood pressure. A heart rate of 49 bpm is bradycardia, and the medication should be held and the provider notified.
B. A respiratory rate of 20 is normal (12–20 breaths/min).
C. Blood pressure of 102/76 is low but acceptable for most clients.
D. A temperature of 100.3°F is unrelated to carvedilol administration.
A nurse is reviewing blood pressure classifications with a group of nurses at an in-service meeting. Which of the following should the nurse include as a risk factor for the development of hypertension?
Explanation
A. High potassium intake helps lower blood pressure by counteracting sodium effects.
B. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) contributes to hypertension by causing repeated episodes of hypoxia, sympathetic nervous system activation, and increased vascular resistance.
C. HDL of 70 mg/dL is protective against cardiovascular disease.
D. Benazepril (ACE inhibitor) is used to treat hypertension, not cause it.
A nurse is assessing client with advanced peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Which of the following findings would the nurse expect?
Explanation
A. PAD reduces blood flow to the extremities, causing shiny, hairless skin due to chronic ischemia.
B. Thickened (not thin) toenails occur due to poor perfusion.
C. Cool, not warm, extremities are expected due to reduced circulation.
D. Diminished or absent pulses (0 to +1) are expected; 3+ is normal and not consistent with PAD.
The nurse receives a new client from the emergency department with an order for propranolol (Inderal). upon looking at the client's history, which diagnosis would make the nurse clarify this order?
Explanation
A. Propranolol is not contraindicated in kidney failure, but caution is needed.
B. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-blocker that blocks both β1 (heart) and β2 (lungs) receptors. In asthma, β2 blockade can cause bronchoconstriction, leading to wheezing and respiratory distress.
C. Propranolol is used to treat hypertension.
D. Propranolol is commonly used for tachycardia, especially in anxiety or hyperthyroidism.
A nurse is giving a presentation to a community group about preventing atherosclerosis. Which of the following should the nurse include as nonmodifiable risk factors for this disorder? (Select all that apply.)
Explanation
A. Diabetes mellitus type 2: While diabetes is a major risk factor, it is considered modifiable through lifestyle changes and medication.
B. Biological sex: Males have a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis at an earlier age than females due to hormonal differences.
C. Age: Advancing age increases the risk as blood vessels lose elasticity and plaque builds up over time.
D. Lack of physical activity: This is a modifiable risk factor since increasing activity can reduce atherosclerosis risk.
E. Obesity: Modifiable through diet and exercise.
F. High blood pressure: Hypertension can be managed with lifestyle changes and medication, making it modifiable.
G. Smoking: This is a lifestyle factor that can be changed to reduce risk.
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