A. Raising the head of the bed may help with respiratory effort but does not address the underlying issue of decreased responsiveness. Immediate assessment and intervention are necessary.

B. Notifying the healthcare provider is critical as the child’s decreased responsiveness and respiratory rate indicate a potential deterioration in condition that requires prompt medical evaluation.

C. While obtaining an oximeter reading can provide useful information about oxygenation, the priority is to notify the HCP about the change in the child's neurological status.

D. Implementing seizure precautions is important for a child with a brain tumor, but the immediate concern is the change in responsiveness, necessitating HCP notification first.

A. Back pain may occur but is not typically urgent unless severe; it’s important to monitor but not the priority.

B. Frequent nosebleeds can occur due to dry mucous membranes but are not the most critical symptom to report immediately.

C. Itching of the skin can be managed with moisturizers and does not represent a medical emergency.

D. Feelings of isolation and depression are serious side effects associated with isotretinoin and should be reported immediately due to the risk of self-harm or suicidal thoughts.

A. Passing flatus every 30 minutes indicates bowel activity and suggests that the child may be able to resume oral intake.

B. Absent bowel sounds indicate a lack of gastrointestinal function, which supports the continuation of NPO status until bowel function returns.

C. An increase in abdominal girth, even by 1 cm, can be concerning postoperatively and may indicate fluid retention or other issues, warranting further assessment.

D. Pain at the operative site is expected post-surgery, but it does not directly relate to the child’s ability to resume oral intake.

A. Constipation can occur but is not a direct symptom of sickle cell crisis; it’s more related to hydration and diet.

B. High fever may occur due to infection, but it is not a guaranteed finding in every sickle cell crisis.

C. Bradycardia is not typically associated with sickle cell crisis; tachycardia is more common due to pain and stress.

D. Pain is the hallmark symptom of a sickle cell crisis due to vaso-occlusive episodes leading to ischemia and tissue damage.

A. Avoiding bubble baths is important as they can irritate the urethra and exacerbate UTIs.

B. Wiping the perineal area from front to back is essential to prevent bacteria from the rectal area from entering the urinary tract.

C. Completing the course of prescribed antibiotics is crucial to fully eradicate the infection and prevent recurrence.

D. Encouraging frequent voiding helps to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract and prevent infection.

E. Wearing cotton underwear helps keep the area dry and reduce the risk of bacterial growth.

F. Encouraging frequent fluid intake aids in hydration and helps dilute the urine, reducing irritation and promoting flushing of bacteria.

A. Switching to a different formula may not address the underlying issue and could lead to further complications.

B. Bringing the baby to the clinic is essential as projectile vomiting in an infant can indicate a serious condition such as pyloric stenosis that requires evaluation and intervention.

C. Giving oral rehydration solutions is not appropriate before assessing the infant's condition, especially if there’s a possibility of a serious underlying issue.

D. While burping is generally recommended, it is not the solution to the problem of projectile vomiting and does not address the need for urgent assessment.

A. Encouraging frequent fluid intake helps to dilute the urine and promotes urination, which can help flush out bacteria.

B. Frequent voiding is essential to reduce the risk of bacterial growth in the bladder and to alleviate symptoms.

C. Wiping from front to back is important in preventing the spread of bacteria from the rectal area to the urethra, thereby reducing the risk of UTIs.

D. Wearing nylon underwear may trap moisture and create an environment conducive to bacterial growth; cotton underwear is preferred.

E. Completing the course of antibiotics is crucial for fully eradicating the infection and preventing recurrence.

To calculate the dosage of ondansetron for the child, first convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms, knowing that 1 kilogram equals 2.2 pounds. The child weighs 44 lbs, which is equivalent to 20 kg (44 lbs / 2.2 lbs per kg). The prescribed dose is 0.5 mg/kg, so you would multiply the child's weight in kilograms by the dose: 20 kg * 0.5 mg/kg = 10 mg. Since the safe dose is up to 5 mg/kg per dose and the child's weight is 20 kg, the maximum safe dose would be 100 mg (20 kg * 5 mg/kg). Therefore, the nurse should administer 10 mg, as it is within the safe dose range.

A. Weighing the child daily on the same scale is critical for monitoring fluid retention and managing edema, which are primary concerns in nephrotic syndrome.

B. Testing urine for glucose levels is not a routine part of nephrotic syndrome management, as glucose levels are not typically affected by this condition.

C. Increasing fluid intake is not advisable in nephrotic syndrome if there is significant edema; fluid management must be tailored to the child's condition.

D. While ambulation is beneficial, it is not as critical as daily weight monitoring in managing nephrotic syndrome.

A. Blood pressure can fluctuate and may not accurately reflect fluid loss in an infant, especially in early stages of dehydration.

B. Respiratory rate may increase with distress but is not a direct indicator of fluid loss.

C. Skin integrity can show signs of dehydration, but it is not as definitive as changes in body weight.

D. Body weight is the most reliable indicator of fluid loss, as it reflects changes in fluid status directly and provides a clear measure for assessing hydration.