(1 point). Listen.
A patient is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
Which of the following heart failures does the nurse assess for in this patient?
Right-sided heart failure.
Left-sided heart failure.
Low-output failure.
High-output failure.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance can lead to right-sided heart failure. In conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension, increased resistance in the pulmonary circulation can cause the right ventricle of the heart to work harder to pump blood into the lungs. Over time, this can lead to right-sided heart failure. The rationale for this choice is that when the right ventricle fails, it can result in symptoms such as peripheral edema, jugular venous distension, hepatomegaly, and ascites, which are characteristic of right-sided heart failure.
Choice B rationale:
Left-sided heart failure is not typically associated with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Left-sided heart failure is more commonly linked to conditions like hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular heart diseases. It leads to symptoms such as pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, and orthopnea, rather than the signs of right-sided heart failure.
Choice C rationale:
Low-output failure is a generic term that can refer to both left and right-sided heart failure. It does not specifically address the relationship between chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Low-output failure occurs when the heart cannot pump a sufficient amount of blood to meet the body's demands, and it can be due to either left or right-sided heart failure.
Choice D rationale:
High-output failure is a less common type of heart failure and is typically not associated with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. It occurs when the heart is pumping a higher-than-normal volume of blood but still cannot meet the body's metabolic demands. Causes of high-output failure may include conditions like anemia, hyperthyroidism, or arteriovenous shunts.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Sleeping is not a significant factor in orthostatic hypotension. When a patient is sleeping, they are typically lying down, and orthostatic hypotension is related to changes in posture, not during sleep.
Choice B rationale:
Exercising can exacerbate orthostatic hypotension because it increases the demand on the cardiovascular system. When a patient exercises, their heart rate and blood pressure can increase significantly. In the case of orthostatic hypotension, there's a risk of a more pronounced drop in blood pressure when transitioning to an upright position after exercise. Therefore, exercising requires close observation in these patients.
Choice C rationale:
Sitting down is a relatively stable position, and orthostatic hypotension primarily involves changes from a sitting or lying position to a standing position. Sitting down doesn't typically worsen orthostatic hypotension.
Choice D rationale:
Standing up is a crucial moment when dealing with orthostatic hypotension. When a patient with orthostatic hypotension stands up, there is a risk of a significant drop in blood pressure, which can lead to symptoms like dizziness or fainting. This is why standing up requires close observation. Now, let's move on to the next question.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The statement in Choice A does not indicate that the nurse needs more teaching about complications of sustained hypertension. It is a correct statement as it introduces the topic of complications related to hypertension.
Choice B rationale:
Choice B is not the answer. Retinal damage is a well-known complication of sustained hypertension. It can lead to conditions like hypertensive retinopathy, which is a common complication associated with high blood pressure. Therefore, this statement is accurate.
Choice C rationale:
Choice C is not the answer. Stroke is indeed a complication of sustained hypertension. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of blood clots, leading to strokes. Therefore, this statement is correct.
Choice D rationale:
Choice D is not the answer. Renal disease is also a known complication of sustained hypertension. Hypertension can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney problems. So, this statement is accurate.
Choice E rationale:
The correct answer is choice E. The statement in Choice E indicates that the nurse needs more teaching about complications of sustained hypertension. Anemia is not typically a complication of hypertension. Hypertension primarily affects the cardiovascular system, leading to issues like stroke, heart disease, and kidney problems. Anemia is more commonly associated with conditions like iron deficiency, chronic kidney disease, or bone marrow disorders. Therefore, the nurse should be educated that anemia is not a typical complication of sustained hypertension.
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