(1 point). Listen.
A patient is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
Which of the following heart failures does the nurse assess for in this patient?

Right-sided heart failure.

Left-sided heart failure.

Low-output failure.

High-output failure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance can lead to right-sided heart failure. In conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension, increased resistance in the pulmonary circulation can cause the right ventricle of the heart to work harder to pump blood into the lungs. Over time, this can lead to right-sided heart failure. The rationale for this choice is that when the right ventricle fails, it can result in symptoms such as peripheral edema, jugular venous distension, hepatomegaly, and ascites, which are characteristic of right-sided heart failure.

Choice B rationale:

Left-sided heart failure is not typically associated with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Left-sided heart failure is more commonly linked to conditions like hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular heart diseases. It leads to symptoms such as pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, and orthopnea, rather than the signs of right-sided heart failure.

Choice C rationale:

Low-output failure is a generic term that can refer to both left and right-sided heart failure. It does not specifically address the relationship between chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Low-output failure occurs when the heart cannot pump a sufficient amount of blood to meet the body's demands, and it can be due to either left or right-sided heart failure.

Choice D rationale:

High-output failure is a less common type of heart failure and is typically not associated with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. It occurs when the heart is pumping a higher-than-normal volume of blood but still cannot meet the body's metabolic demands. Causes of high-output failure may include conditions like anemia, hyperthyroidism, or arteriovenous shunts.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

High LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels are a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis. Elevated LDL cholesterol can lead to the deposition of cholesterol in the arterial walls, promoting the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Typically, an LDL level above 130 mg/dL is considered high.

Choice B rationale:

Low LDL levels are generally considered beneficial and are not associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. Lower LDL levels can be achieved through lifestyle modifications or medication and are often recommended for cardiovascular health.

Choice C rationale:

High HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels are associated with a lower risk of atherosclerosis. HDL is considered "good" cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the arteries. High HDL levels are typically desirable for cardiovascular health.

Choice D rationale:

Low triglyceride levels are not a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis. Elevated triglyceride levels can be associated with metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors, but they are not as directly linked to atherosclerosis as high LDL levels.

A. Serous. B. Exudate. C. Serosanguineous. D. Sanguineous.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Serous fluid is not typically associated with pericardial effusion in acute pericarditis. Pericardial effusion is more likely to contain blood or inflammatory exudate, especially in the context of pericarditis.

Choice B rationale:

Exudate is often found in pericardial effusion associated with acute pericarditis. This inflammatory response can lead to the accumulation of exudative fluid in the pericardial space.

Choice C rationale:

This is the correct answer. Serosanguineous fluid is often associated with pericardial effusion in the context of acute pericarditis. It contains a mixture of serous fluid (clear, yellowish) and blood, reflecting the inflammatory nature of the condition.

Choice D rationale:

Sanguineous fluid, while it may be present in some cases, is not the most typical fluid associated with pericardial effusion in acute pericarditis. Sanguineous fluid is characterized by a higher proportion of blood and is more commonly seen in traumatic or hemorrhagic effusions.

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(1 point). Listen. A patient is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures does the nurse assess for in this patient?

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(1 point). Listen.
A patient is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
Which of the following heart failures does the nurse assess for in this patient?