(1 point):. Which of the following cardiovascular complications should the nurse assess for in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Choice A rationale:

A 76-year-old man with congestive heart failure may experience superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) due to the increased pressure in the superior vena cava, but SVCS is more commonly associated with malignancies that compress or invade the superior vena cava. While this patient may be at risk for SVCS, the woman with bronchogenic cancer in choice B is at higher risk.

Choice B rationale:

The correct choice. Patients with bronchogenic cancer, particularly lung cancer, are at a higher risk of developing superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) due to tumor invasion or compression of the superior vena cava. SVCS can cause a range of symptoms, including facial and upper body swelling, dilated neck veins, and difficulty breathing.

Choice C rationale:

A 26-year-old woman who has just delivered her first child is unlikely to develop superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) as a result of childbirth. SVCS is more commonly associated with malignancies or other factors that cause obstruction or compression of the superior vena cava.

Choice D rationale:

A 6-year-old child with severe asthma is less likely to develop SVCS compared to adults, as SVCS is primarily associated with malignancies and other conditions that lead to obstruction of the superior vena cava. While severe asthma can cause respiratory distress, it is not a typical cause of SVCS in children. .

Choice A rationale:

Decreases in the supply or an increase in demand for sodium are not the primary components in the development of acute coronary syndromes. Acute coronary syndromes primarily involve the blood supply to the heart muscle, and sodium levels are not directly related to this condition.

Choice B rationale:

Glucose levels do not play a central role in the development of acute coronary syndromes. While glucose metabolism is important for the heart's energy needs, acute coronary syndromes are primarily related to changes in blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart.

Choice C rationale:

Myoglobin is not the most important component in the development of acute coronary syndromes. Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle tissue, including the heart, but its release into the bloodstream is not specific to acute coronary syndromes. It can be elevated in various conditions, including muscle injury.

Choice D rationale:

The most important component in the development of acute coronary syndromes is a decrease in the supply or an increase in demand for oxygen. Acute coronary syndromes, such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), are typically caused by a disruption in the blood supply to the heart muscle, leading to ischemia and, ultimately, tissue damage. This results in an increased demand for oxygen while the supply is compromised, which can lead to chest pain, tissue injury, and potentially life-threatening consequences. .