19. PET scan results indicate a tangled mass of nonfunctioning neurons replaced by senile plaques. Progress notes indicate deterioration of judgment, emotional detachment, and sleep disturbance.

The etiology is noted to be a genetic mutation. Which condition is reflected in this patient's record?

Parkinson disease

Senile dementia

Epileptic seizure

Alzheimer disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, cognition, behavior, and daily functioning. Alzheimer disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which impair the communication and survival of neurons. Alzheimer disease is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and some rare forms of the disease are caused by mutations in specific genes.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery. It is characterized by high blood glucose levels that can affect the health of both the mother and the fetus. Polydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyphagia (excessive hunger) are common symptoms of hyperglycemia (high blood glucose). Incontinence may occur due to increased pressure on the bladder from the growing uterus or from nerve damage caused by diabetes. An A1C test measures the average blood glucose level over the past two to three months and is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes. A normal A1C level is below 5.7%, while a level of 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes.

A. Less H and HCO3 form, increasing the blood's pH. B. More H and HCO3 form, increasing the blood's pH. C. Less H and HCO3- form, decreasing the blood's pH. D. More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.

Rationale: Hypoventilation is a condition where the breathing rate is too slow or shallow, resulting in insufficient removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. CO2 reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Therefore, when CO2 accumulates in the blood due to hypoventilation, more H2CO3 is formed, which lowers the blood's pH by increasing the concentration of H+ and HCO3-.

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19. PET scan results indicate a tangled mass of nonfunctioning neurons replaced by senile plaques. Progress notes indicate deterioration of judgment, emotional detachment, and sleep disturbance. The etiology is noted to be a genetic mutation. Which condition is reflected in this patient's record?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A pregnant female patient presents with complaints of incontinence, polydipsia, and polyphagia. An A1C test shows 8.5% Which condition is indicated by this description?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

How does hypoventilation affect the blood's pH?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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19. PET scan results indicate a tangled mass of nonfunctioning neurons replaced by senile plaques. Progress notes indicate deterioration of judgment, emotional detachment, and sleep disturbance.

The etiology is noted to be a genetic mutation. Which condition is reflected in this patient's record?